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PRODUCTS OF AN ADVANCED CIVILIZATION. 



I'M A KANSAN. 



A BOOK OF INFORMATION REL 
CIAL, MANUFAtT 






so AM I. 



\ORAL, EDUCATIONAL, AGRICULTURAL, COMMER- 
\INING INTERESTS OF THE STATE. 



ISSUED BY 

^TION AND INFORMATION ASSOCIATION. 
= 1896 ' ' - 




STATE CAPITOL. 






PREFACE 



With an honest pride in tlie grand acliievements of our great common- 
wealth, with a sincere desire that tiie miglity work Kansas has wrougiit, 
the possibilities before her, and the opportunity' she offers to the home-seeker, 
may be known, this " Kansas Souvenir " is placed in the hands of the public. 

The character of the contributors of the articles within these covers 
is a sufficient guaranty of their truth and accuracy. 

We acknowledge our indebtedness to the contributors for their earnest 
zeal and faithful efforts in behalf of Kansas. 

We commend the book to the careful consideration of everyone, Kansans 
and citizens of sister commonwealths alike. 

To the young man entering the contests of life, anticipating an honored 
and successful career in some vocation to whicli he feels himself adapted, 
we especially commend the work. 

In an experience of twenty years under Kansas' sunny skies, environed 
by the best moral, educational and physical influences, I have ever seen 
the honest toiler, be he upon the farm, in the work-shop, upon the bench, in 
commerce or trade, rewarded witii a rich reward for his zeal and energy. 

We have room for many more, and extend to the home-seeker an earnest 
invitation to come, and promise you a hearty welcome. 

May we not hope that when you liave read this book you will pass it 
on to some friend or acqnaintance, that it may continue on its mission for 
good? Let this edition of 50,000 copies be read by at least 500,000 people. 

We feel that the intelligent reader will find in the articles submitted 
upon the various subjects much valuable information, and will pass a 
righteous judgment, based upon the facts as they exist. 

We disclaim any effort to re-create the speculative and boom days of a decade passed, and present to you only 
such information as will lead to a better and a more intelligent understanding of the past, present and future of Kansas,. 

(3) 




W. C. EDWARDS, 



President of The Kansas Immigration and Inrorinatioi> 
.\6sociation of Kansas. 



(SECRETAIIV OF STATE.) 



•l-.V^? s*K?S'?'' ^»vi''K!Kft. 






S(SgSii«v*«rSSK*«?S«f«»'.-: 





L.tfR[ZtLCi PLAMT SOACRLS" 

lARHEP. KAt1> 



FARMING BY IRRIGATION IN PAWNEE COUNTY. 
(41 




KANSAS. 



BT HON. JOHN J. INGALLS. 



^3 



Kansas is the navel of the uatioti. 

Diagoiials drawn from Ditkith to Galveston ; from Washington to San Francisco ; from Talla- 
hasse to Olympia ; frpm Sacramento to Angusta, intersect at its center. 

Kansas is the nucleus of our political system, around which its forces assemble ; to which its 
energies converge ; and from which its energies radiate to the remotest circumference. 

Kansas is the focus of freedom, where the rays of beat and light concentrated into a flame that 
melted the manacles of the slave, and cauterized the heresies of State Sovereignty and disunion. 

Kansas is the core and kernel of the country, containing the germs of its growth, and the 
quickening ideas essential to its perpetuity. 

The history of Kansas is written in capitals. It is punctuated with exclamation-points. Its- 
verbs are imperative. Its adjectives are superlative. The commonplace and the prosaic are not 
defined in its lexicon. Its statistics can be stated only in the language of hyperbole. 

The aspiration of Kansas is to reach the unattainable ; its dream is the realization of the im- 
possible. Alexander wept because there were no more worlds to conquer. Kansas, having van- 
quished all competitors, smiles complacently as she surpasses from year to year her own triumphs in 
growth and glory. Other States could be spared without irreparable bereavement, but Kansas is 
indispensable to the joy, the inspiration, and the improvement of the world. 
It seems incredible that there was a time when Kansas did not exist; when its name was not written on the map of the United States ^ 
when the Kansas cyclone, the Kansas grasshopper, the Kansas boom, and the Kansas Utopia were unknown. 

I was a student in the Junior class at Williams College when President Pierce, forgotten but for that signature, approved the act establishing 
the Territory of Kansas, May 30, 18.54. I recall the inconceivable agitation that preceded, accompanied and followed the event. It was an' 
epoch. Destiny closed one volume of our annals, and opening another, traced with shadowy finger upon its pages a million epitaphs, ending^ 
with "Appomattox." 

Kansas was the prologue to a tragedy whose epilogue has not yet been pronounced ; the prelude to a fugue of battles whose reverberations have<' 
not yet died away. 

Floating oue summer night upon a moonlit sea, I heard far over the still waters a high, clear voice singing : 

■' To the West ! To the West ! To the land of the tree. 
Where the mighty Missouri rolls down to the sea; 
Where a man is a man if he 's willing to toil. 
And the humblest may gather the fruits of the soil." 
(5) 




A few (lays later, iny studies being coinplelert, 1 joined the uuinteniipted and resistless column of volunteers that marched to the land of the 
free. St. Louis was a stjualid border town, the outpost of civilization. The railroad ended at Jefferson City. Trans-continental trains with 
sleepers and dining-cars, annihilating space and time, were the vague dream of a future century. 

Overtaking at Hermann a fragile steamer that had left her levee the day before, we embarked upon a monotonous voyage of four days along 
the treacherous and tortuous channel that crawled between forests of cottonwood and barren bars of tawny sand, to the frontier of the American 
Desert. 

It was the mission of the pioneer with his plough to abolish the frontier and to subjugate the desert. One has become a boundary and the 
other an oasis. But with so much ac(]uisition, something has been lost for which there is no compensation or equivalent. IJe is unfortunate 
Avho has never felt the fascination of the frontier; the temptation of unknown and mysterious solitudes; the exultation of helping to build a 
State; of forming its institutions and giving direction to its career. 

Kansas in its rudimentary stage, extended westward six hundred and fifty-eight miles to the crest of the Rocky Mountains, the eastern bound- 
ary of Utah. By subsequent amputation and curtailment, it was shorn to its present narrow limits of fifty-two million acres; three thousand 
square miles in excess of the entire area of New England. Denver, Manitou, Pueblo, Pike's Peak, and Cripple Creek are among the treasures 
which the State-makers of 18.59. like the base Indian, richer than all his tribe, threw unconsciously away. 

Tliirty years ago, along the eastern margin of the grassy quadrangle which geographers called Kansas, the rude forefathers of Atchison, Leav- 
enworth, Wyandotte, Lawrence and Topeka, slept in the intervals of their strife with the petty tyrants of their fields, and beyond their western 
horizon, the rest was silence, solitude and the wilderness, to the Rio Grande ; to the Yellowstone; to the Sierra Nevada; like the lonely steppes 
of Turkestan and Tartary ; inhabited by wandering tribes whose occupation was war; whose pastime was the chase; pastured for untold centuries 
by roaming herds that followed the seasons in'their recurring migrations from the arctic circle to the Gulf. 

It has been sometimes obscurely intimated that the typical Kansau lacks in reserve, and occasionally e.xhibits a tendency to exaggeration in 
•dwelling upon the development of the State and the benefits and burdens of its citizenship. 

Censorious scofiers, actuated by envy, jealousy, malignity and other evil passions, have hinted that he unduly vaunteth himself; that he brags 
and becomes vainglorious: that he is given to bounce, tall talk and magniloquence. 

There have not been wanting those who affirm that he magnifies his calamities as .well as his blessings, and desires nothing so much as to have 
the name of Kansas in any capacity always In the ears and mouths of men. 

Such accusations are well calculated to make the judicious grieve. They result from a misconception of the man and his environment. 

The normal condition of the genuine Kansan is that of shy and sensitive diffidence. He suffers from e.\cess of modesty. He blushes too 
■easily. There is nothing he dislikes so much as to hear himself talk. He hides his light under a bushel. He keeps as near the taij end of the 
j)rocession as possible. He never advertises. He bloweth not his own horn, and is indifferent to the band wagon. 

He is oppressed by the vast responsibility of being an inliabitant of a commouwealtli so immeasurably superior in all the elements of present 
.glory, in all the prophecies of future renown, to its inferior companions. 

To be a denizen of a .State that surpasses all other communities as Niagara e.xcels all other cataracts, as the sun transcends all other lum- 
inaries, imposes obligations tliat render levitv impossible. 

(6) 



The eveiy-day events of Kansas would l>e marvels elsewhere; our platitudes would be panegyrics; the trite and commonplace are unknown. 
It is impossible to over-estimate the value of citizenship in a State that sent more soldiers into the Union armies than it had voters when Sumter 
fell; that exceeded all quotas without draft or bounty; that had the highest rate of mortality upon the field of battle. That a State so begotten 
;and nurtured should be as indomitable in peace as it was invincible in war, was inevitable. Its gestation was heroic. It represented ideas and 
principles; conscience, patriotism, duty; the "unconquerable mind and freedom's holy flame.'' 

No other State encountered such formidable obstacles of nature and fortune. Our disasters and catastrophes have been monumental. 
Swarms of locusts eclipsing the sun in their flight, whose incredible voracity left the forests, and the orchards, and the fields of June as naked as 
December; drouths changing the sky to brass and the earth to iron; siroccos that in a day devastated provinces and reduced thousands from 
comfort to penury ; — these and the other destructive agencies of the atmosphere have been met by a courage that no danger could daunt, and by a 
constancy unshaken by adversity. 

The statistics of the census tables are more eloquent tlian the tropes and phrases of the rhetorician. The story of Kansas needs no reinforce- 
ment from the imagination. Its arithmetic is more dazzling and bewildering than poetry, and the historian is compelled to be economical of 
truth and parsimonious in his recital of facts, in order not to impose too great a strain upon the capacity of human credulity. 

Notwithstanding the misliaiis of husbandry and the fatalities of nature, it is a moderate and conservative statement that no community ever 
increased so rapidly in population, wealth and civilization, nor gained so great an aggregate in so brief a time, as the State of Kansas. There is no 
other State where the rewards of industry have been so ample, and the conditions of prosperity so abundant, so stable and so secure as here. 

It is a distinctly American State, with a trivial fraction of illiteracy, the largest school population, and but one detected criminal to two 
thousand of its inhabitants. 

In popular estimation. Kansas is classified as an exclusively agricultural and pastoral region. It has harvested tlie largest wheat crop ever 
.gathered in any State, and will strive this year to break its own record. In corn, fruit and small grains computation and measurement have been 
abandoned as superfluous and impracticable. But these are onlj- fragments of its material resources. 

Its fields of natural ;,as rival those of Indiana, Ohio, and Tennsylvania. 

Its mines supply one-fourth of the zinc and much of the lead of the world. 

Its deposits of bituminous coal are inexhaustible. 
. Vast areas are underlaid with petroleum. 

Its salt mines are richer than those of New York and Michigan. 

Its treeless and unwatered plains sent the biggest walnut log to the World's Fair, and have a subterranean How that is capable of irrigating an 
area more fertile and extensive than the Valley of the Nile. The indescribable splendor of the palaces of the Ex|)Osition, with their white domes 
and pinnacles, and statues, and colonnades, and terraces, and towers, came from the cement quarries of the Saline and the Smoky Hill. 

And this is but the dawn. We stand in the vestibide of the temple. Much less than one-half the surface of the State has been broken by the 
.plough. Its resources have been imperfectlj' explored. It has developed at random. Science will hereafter reinforce the energies of nature, and 
the achievements of the past will pale into insignificance before the completed glory of the century to come. 

Atchison, May 10. ISfiCi. 

(r) 



RESOURCES OF. KANSAS. 



BT GOT. K. N. ICOBBtLL. 




Kansas, in common with other States, has sutfeied severely in a financial way from the busi- 
ness depression which followed as a natural result of the great panic of 1893. For several years 
prior, immigration and capital flowed in an uninterrupted stream into the State, seeking homes and 
investments. Agencies were established in almost every county for the purpose of loaning money 
on real estate. These agents, having no interest in the loans save the commission they were to re- 
ceive when the transaction was consummated, freely urged all who could give security to make 
loans, and mauy farmers were induced to mortgage their homes to improve their farms and to in- 
crease the number of their acres. Towns and cities were growing rapidly, real estate was advanc- 
ing, and there was a desire on the part of many to make new investments with the hope of large 
pecuniary gains. With confidence in the future growth of the State, a large number of our people 
borrowed money to invest in lands and town lots. The natural effect of this influx of men and 
money was to cause a marked advance in the price of lands, which still further stimulated the desire 
to make new investments, and many who ought to have been content with what land they had 
eagerly borrowed money to purchase more. You all know what the result was. When the supply 
of money was withheld and began to be withdrawn, when the tide of immigration ceased to flow, 
lands depreciated in value as rapidly as they had advanced. 

KANSAS A GOOD-SIZED STATE. 

It must be conceded that on account of the lack of rainfall the extreme western part of the State cannot, under present conditions, be made 
profitable for agricultural purposes. But the semi-arid region is but a small portion of our great State. It is universally conceded that the eastern 
part compares favorably for agricultural purposes with any section of the country. Few who have not given the matter careful consideration 
realize tlie great extent of Kansas. From its territory could be carved a commonwealth as large as Illinois, leaving the remainder with more 
territory than New Hampshire, Vermont and Massachusetts combined. A State as large as Indiana could be taken from it, and still leave re- 
maining more territory than is embraced in the States of Maine, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Jersey. We could make four States as 
large as Ohio, West Virginia, Maryland and Delaware united, and still have land enough left for a good-sized farm. 

KANSAS' WONDERrUL DEVELOPMENT. 

No Stronger evidence can be afforded of its resources than to point to its wonderful — aye, almost unparalleled — development the few yeai-s it 

(8) 



has been settled. When the Territory of Kansas was oiganized, in 18ft4, forty-two years ago, not a white man, except the few at Indian agencies 
and Indian missions, had a home on her soil. When the State was admitted into the Union, in 1861, it had but 107,000 inhabitants. For four 
years, owing to the war, her population decreased. Over 20,000 of her brave sons responded to their country's call and went forth to battle for the 
preservation of the Union. The mortality of Kansas troops in that great struggle shows the largest per cent, of any State in the Union. There 
could surely be no stronger proof of their bravery, of their devotion to their Government, and their loyalty to the old flag. At the close of the 
war it found its industries paralyzed. It had practically no agriculture, trade, or commerce. So that its present development can properly be 
said to be the growth of the past thirty years. In 1861 it had no State institutions, and no means with which to erect any. Now it has a fine 
State House, a State University, of which every citizen is proud ; an Agricultural College and a Normal School, equal to any to be found in 
States no older ; institutions for the Blind, the Deaf and Dumb, and the Insane; a Soldiers' Home, and a Home for their Orphans. It has its 
Penitentiary, its Reform Schools, and Reformatory. These institutions, owned and controlled by the State, have cost $7,000,000, only 8550,000 of 
which is represented by State indebtedness. The entire State debt is but 8759,000, of which $433,000 is held in the ofBce of the State Treasurer 
for the benefit of the school fund. To meet this debt when it shall become due we have a wealth, the accumulation of thirty years, amounting 
to 81,800,000,000, and the population of the State has increased during that period from 107,000 to a million and a third. 

EDUCATION IN KANSAS. 

The educational interests of the people have been kept steadily in the forefront, and money has been expended with a lavish hand, not only in 
establishing and maintaining an excellent system of common schools, but also in building up colleges and academies of a high standard. The 
expenditures for this purpose have increased much more rapidly than the population. The total value of school property thirty-five years ago was 
but little more than $10,000. During that period it has increased, until to-day it exceeds $10,000,000. Then the entire State had but 8,600 en- 
rolled children of school age, employing but 319 teachers. To-day there are nearly 400,000 in the State of school age, with 12,000 teachers. 
Then the total amount raised for schools for the year was scarcely $8,000. Now the people of the State cheerfully pay $5,000,000 for the support 
of their magnificent school system. Then the school-houses were few and far between. Now our rich prairies are dotted over with school-houses 
until the number exceeds 9,000, which are actually owned by the school districts. In addition to this, forty colleges, academies and private schools 
expend nearly $300,000 annually. The endowment for our school system has been wisely husbanded and judiciously managed, until we have 
interest-bearing securities amounting to nearly $7,000,000, and our State educational institutions have separate endowments of $1,000,000 more. 

MORE RAILROAD THAN ALI. NEW ENGLAND. 

When the Territorial Government of Kansas was organized there was no railroad within 150 miles of its borders. Now we have 8,900 miles 
in operation, exceeding that of any other State in the Union, Illinois and Pennsylvania alone excepted. We have more mileage than the Empire 
State, New York. Over 1,000 miles more than all the New England States combined, with their population of five and one-half millions and the 
accumulated wealth of more than a century as the manufacturing center of this continent. Along these lines of transcontinental railways there 
have sprung up more than 100 centers of population, containing nearly 400,000 people, domiciled in thrift, with churches, school-houses, court- 
houses, water and light plants not excelled in towns of equal population in any State in the Union. 

(9) 



AGIIICULTURAI, PRODUCTS. 




m tfs^s 



In the (iiianlily ami value of farm piodiicts and live stock there has been a marvelous increase. In 1S62 the value of the wheat crop was but 
$150,000. In 1890 it exceeded i523,0O0,O0o. The value of the corn crop was then but 82,000,000, while in 1890 it was over 833,000,000. The 
corn crop alone for the past year was over 200,000,000 bushels, while the wheat crop, which was a partial failure, was nearly 16,000,000 bushels. 
In addition to these two great staple crops, Kansas raised last year 1,600,000 bushels of rye ; nearly 8,000,000 bushels of potatoes ; nearly 33,000,000 
bushels of oats; 1,700.000 bushels of barley, more than $13,000,000 worth of hay, alfalfa, and millet, and more than $8,000,000 worth of minor 
crops of grain and vegetables. The production of cheese and butter amounts to over S.">, 000,000. The total value of horses, mules, cattle, sheep 
and swine in the State in IS'.U) exceeded 8113,000,000. 

KANSAS AS A FKUIT STATE. 

Kansas is fast pressing to the front as the great fruit State of the Union. Apples, plums, cherries 
and grapes are easily raised with ordinary care and proper labor. Thirty-five years ago there was not a 
bearing orchard in the State. In all the eastern part of the State the prairies are dotted over with fine 
orchards, producing an abundance of choice fruit. There are at present 7,000.000 apple trees, returning 
to their owners an ample reward for the labor and capital invested, while .5,000,000 more have been 
planted and soon will be affording rich retio'ns. Mr. Wellhouse, a gentleman of high character and 
sterling worth, has tsken the lead in this industry in the State. He has had for several years bearing 
orcharils covering 437 acres. With an abiding faith in Kansas as a fruit-growing State, this gentleman 
has extended his orchards until he has now nearly ],.500 acres in growiug trees. In thirteen years, from 
his original orchanis he has sold over 400,000 bushels of choice apples, realizing from this crop alone 
over 81 lO.OOO. In two or three years his young orchards will come into bearing, and the quantity of 
apples raised will be beyond anything ever accomplished by any one man iu the country. 

MINING INDUSTRY OF GREAT IMroRTANCK. 

The mining industries of the State, though in their infancy, are fast assuming proportions of great 
importance. The deposits of coal are distributed over a considerable area, extending from the southeast 
corner of the State northward to Nebraska, and reaching westward nearly 300 miles. There are being 
worked in the State 226 drift, slope and shaft mines, with a large number of strip mines. In 1891 the 
output of coal exceeded ,'58,000, COO bushels, nearly reaching that of Missouri, which stands first among 
the coal-producing States west of the Mississiiipi river, and cousideralily in excess of Colorado. More 
than 10,000 miners and others are given employment in this industry alone. 

In the counties of Crawford and Cherokee large and rich deposits of lead and zinc have been found and are being rapidly developed, giving 
employment to laboring men, and adding largely to the wealth of the State. Around Galena and Empire City are the richest lead- and zinc-prodnc- 

(10) 




HON. FltEl>. WKI.LIIOUSE. 

Preeiilciit Stijti' Ilorlicullural Society. 
( Tlip largt'st uppk'-growfT in Itie world.) 



lug mines iu the world, and yet so little has been said on this subject that their real worth and value to Kansas is but little appreciated outside of 
the State. The future development of these mines will only be limited by the demand for these metals. Thousands of acres of rich mineral lands 



in this section of the State are as yet undeveloped. 



'isi^if- 










GILL'S ORCHARD, XdUTH OF LAKNED. KAS. 



KANSAS SALT DEPOSITS. 

Within a few years a large deposit of salt has been 
discovered iu the State, and rapidly developed, until 
now it can be safely said that the salt deposit of Kan- 
sas rauks among the largest in the world. It extends 
across the State for over 200 miles northerly and south- 
erly, in a belt of solid salt about fifty miles wide, crop- 
ping out at the surface at the south line of the State, 
and dipping toward the north several hundred feet, 
being at Hutchinson, where the largest )ilauts are 
located, 400 feet below the surface, and the vein is 
300 feet thick. The supply is simply inexhaustible, 
and the quality is most excellent. Large plants have 
been established and are successfully worked at Hutch- 
inson, Kingmau, liyous, and Kanopolis. A special 
brand of table salt, known as the " R. S. V. V." brand, 
made by the Kansas Salt Company, of Hutchinson, 
was awarded the premium at the World's Fair at Chi- 
cago, and is in demand from ocean to ocean. Already 
more than }{;3, 000,000 of capital is invested in the busi- 
ness, and the output is more than 3,000,000 barrels. 

The growth of the cattle industry of the State has 
been truly marvelous, and the development of the 
stock-yards in the thriving and enterprising city at 
the mouth of the Kaw has been without a parallel in 



( Oue tree yielded 38 bushels in a single se:isnn.) 

the history of the country. They are the model yards of the United States, and as a stock market rank second only in the country in magnitude 
and amount of business, being exceeded only by those in Chicago. They were first opened for business in 1871, and during that year but 166 
car-loads of live stock were brought to the market. The natural advantages of the location of these yards, the vast territory wh.ch .s now and 
will forever remain dependent upon them for a market for their live stock, assure them a bright future, and will enable them to mamtam the 
<*upren.acy they have already attained. The total of all kinds of stock received at this center in 1894 was but a few thousands less than 5,000,000 
head, valued at the enormous sum of $98, .500,000. Their business is rapidly increasing, and it is not a boastful prediction to assert that in a few 
years they will be the leading stock market of the world. ( u) 




THE JUDICIAL SYSTEH. 



BT CHIEF JUSTICE DAVID MAIITIN. 




^UPREnE(SUi?Tc 5? 

OF.. ^* i.V 

YMbkb 



The existing judicial tribunals of Kansas consist of Police Courts, Justices'" 
Courts, Boards of County Commissiouers, Probate Courts, a Court of Common Pleas- 
for Wyandotte county, District Courts, Courts of Appeals, and a Supreme Court. 

Each city, whether of the first, second or third class, has a police court for 
the enforcement of city ordinances. A defendant may appeal from its judgment 
to the District Court of the county wherein the city is situated. 
J, . fwsjy/ "' >^ .^5^^^^' o''' T Tyo Justices of the Peace are elected in each municipal township and each 

/^ _^ - 'V'"'^ > ''■^iooAttl* ,i;^ city of the first or second class, and the number may be increased by law. Justices' 

/ '■ Ji^ (vUPRE[1E(0Ui?Tc .*»— """''^ Courts have jurisdiction coextensive with their respective counties upon money de- 

mands generally not exceeding S300, and in replevin where the value of the property 
is SlOO or less; such value being fixed by the affidavit for the writ. They may issue writs of 
attachment and orders of arrest, and may try actions for the forcible entry and detention, or 
detention only, of real property. Either party may appeal to the District Court of the county, 
except on judgments rendered by confession and in jury trials where neither party claims a sum 
exceeding $30. Justices' Courts have jurisdiction also in casesof misdemeanor where the fine cannot 
exceed S500 and the imprisonment in the county jail one year, subject to an appeal by the defendant 
to the District Court. They have power to issue warrants for the apprehension of all persons charged with 
crimes or misdemeanors, and to bind over to the District Courts for trial all such persons when the offense- 
cannot be tried in the Justices' Courts. 

Boards of County Commissioners exercise judicial functions particularly in the allowance and rejection 
of claims against the county, and in such matters an appeal lies to the District Court of the county. 
The Probate Court of each county is a court of record having a single judge, who is his own clerk. This court has probate jurisdiction and 
care of the estates of deceased persons, and of minors, apprentices, lunatics, habitual drunkards and convicts, and also In certain matters respecting 
the sale of school lands, and in habeas corpus. Under certain limitations, appeals are allowed to the District Court of the county. The probate- 
judge has exclusive authority in his county to grant licenses to marry, and permits for the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors for medical, 
scientific and mechanical purposes. In the absence of the district judge from the county the probate judge may grant temporary injunctions and- 
writs of attachment on debts not due in actions brought in the District Court. 



(12) 



The Court of Common Pleas of Wyandotte county has concurrent jurisdiction with the District Court in most cases. It is a temporary 
court, which is to expire December 31, 1903. 

The Slate is divided into thirty judicial districts, the counties of Atchison, Shawnee, Sedgwick and Wyandotte constituting the second, 
third, eighteenth and twenty-ninth districts respectively. Each other district contains two or more counties. A judge is elected in each district 
for the term of four years, and he holds the courts in his district. Besides the appellate jurisdiction hereinbefore referred to, the District Courts 
have general original jurisdiction, civil and criminal, at law and in equity. As to the amount in controversy there is neither minimum nor 
ma.ximum ; no cause is too small or too great to engage their attention. In nearly all the counties three regular terms are held each year. Appeals 
in criminal cases and proceedings in error in civil suits are taken directly to the Courts of Appeals or the Supreme Court, but uo civil action 
involving less than $100 in amount or value is reviewable. 

There are two Courts of Appeal, one for the northern and the other for the southern department '!Each department contains three divisions, 
designated as the eastern, central, and western, and one judge is elected for each division, the oldest in years in each department being presiding 
judge. The courts in the northern department are held at Topeka, Concordia, and Colby, and those in the southern department at Fort Scott, 
Wichita, and Garden City. Two members constitute a quorum, and the concurrence of two is necessary to a decision. The original jurisdiction 
■of these courts is the same as that of the Supreme Court. They have exclusive appellate jurisdiction in all cases of appeal from convictions for 
misdemeanors, and in all proceedings in error in civil cases where the amount or value does not exceed §3,000 exclusive of interest and costs ; 
but in cases of the latter class it is competent for the Supreme Court within sixty days to direct any case to be certified to it for review, but this 
power has been exercised very sparingly. In cases of original jurisdiction and in any case involving the tax or revenue laws, or the title to real 
estate, or the constitution of this State, or the constitution, laws or treaties of the United States, the defeated party may have a review by the 
Supreme Court as a matter of right. These courts were created by act of February 26, 1895, mainly for the purpose of enabling litigants to dispose 
of the cases which had accumulated in the Supreme Court so that it was several years behind with its work, and all pending cases coming within 
the jurisdiction of the Courts of Appeals were certified to them, and since that time the business has progressed rapidly and satisfactorily. 

The Supreme Court convenes in regular terms at the capitol, on the first Tuesday of January and July, but sessions are held on the first Tuesdky 

of each other month except August and September. The court consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices chosen for six years, one being 

elected each even-numbered year. Two justices constitute a quorum and the concurrence of two is necessary to any decision. It is the court of 

last resort, except in cases involving Federal questions, which may be taken to the Supreme Court of the United Slates under the 35lh section of 

the judiciary act of 1789. The court has original jurisdictiou in quo warranto, mandamus, aud habeas corpus. Since the Courts of Appeals were 

created, the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in criminal cases is limited to felonies and appeals taken by the State, and in civil cases to those 

involving more than S3, 000 in amount or value, exclusive of interest and costs ; but jurisdiction is retained in cases concerning only personal status 

or rights when no money or thing susceptible of pecuniary valuation is in controversy. The appellate and revisory jurisdiction of the Supreme 

Court over the judgments of the Courts of Appeals has been sufficiently explained. The existence of the Courts of Appeals has enabled the 

Supreme Court to make good progress with the cases in arrear, so that commencing with May 1, 1895, and ending with the summer vacation in 

1896, the court will have disposed of all the remaining cases from 7453 to 8880, besides many later numbers, being criminal cases and those 

advanced for hearing as involving public interests. 

(13) 




THE SCHOOL SYSTEM OF KANSAS. 



KT E. STANLEY, STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 



Pressing close to the front in the line of educational progress is the Sunflower State, and upon its 
^—. . „ unique and magnificently endowed system of public schools the educational forces of America must look 

with admiration. 

Scarcely more than a third of a century has passed since on this bloody battle-ground the first sod 
.^WiS* " -■ V. school-house opened its portals to eager seekers after knowledge, and to-day we can look abroad and 

^^^^^B V : ^^^^ point with pride to many evidences of progress. 

i^^^^^^K ^ ^^^^B^^^ By constitutional enactment, the common-school system of the State receives, as financial support, 

^^^^^H ^^^^^^^Hi the interest from the invested proceeds of 500,000 acres, granted by act of 1841 to all new States there- 

^^^^^B ^^^^^^^^m after organized, and also of the 10th and 36th sections of every (.'ougressional township, granted to the 

■jjj^^^^H ~^^B^KKI^ upon admission to 

^■BHB!^"-' ■ ^^^K^^ From the sale of these lauds there have been derived, and are now invested in five-, six- and seven- 

per-ceut. semi-annual iuterestrbearing bonds, uearly i?7,U00,000. 

The investment of this Permanent School Fund Is In tlie hands of a State Board of School Fund 
Commissioners, consisting of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State, and Attorney General. 

The interest of this magnificent endowment amounts to almost a half-million dollars annually. This, swelled by funds derived from district 
taxation, amounts to almost 85,000,000, which is expended for public education in the common schools of the State. 

There yet remain thousands of acres of unsold and unsettled school lands, which, when disposed of, will very greatly Increase the permanent, 
fund of the State. 

At the head of the educational system of the State Is the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. With him Is associated the State Board 
of Education, he being ex officio cliairman. This body acts as an examining board, and issues State and Normal Institute certificates to candidates- 
proving themselves ijiialified by an examination under the rules of the Board. 

The State Superinteiulent distributes the annual school fund, interprets the school law, compiles and distributes copies thereof, decides joint 
district disputes, visits counties, fixes dates for county normal institutes and approves contracts for conductors and instructors, collects school 
statistics, and, as reciuired by law, submits the same in a Biennial Report to the Governor of the State. 
As gleaned from the last Biennial Report, the following statistics may be of interest: 

Number of persons of school age, 496,139' 

Number of pupils enrolled, 393,840 

Average daily attendance, 252, SLS 

(14) 



Number of teachers employed (exclusive of academies and colleges), 11,903 

Average monthly wages, majes, $43.09 

Average monthly wages, females 535.01 

Average length of school year 2.5 weeks 

Estimated value of school property, $11,193,396.00 

Value of school-houses erected in 1894, $270,.574.00 

Number of applicants for certificates, 16,903 

Numl>er of certificates granted, 11,263 

Amount paid for school apparatus 869,781.33 

Amount paid for teachers' wages,* .83,065,118.7.5 

Amount expended for fuel, repairs, etc., 8719,121.89 

Amount e.xpeiided for buildings and furniture $328,553.79 

Amount expended for other purposes $255,873.83 

Balance in hands of district treasurers, $529,273.13 

COUNTY SUPERVISION. 

In charge of the educational interests of each of the 105 counties is a County Superinteiulent, assisted by a board of two examiners. These 
conduct the quarterly examinations, and grant certificates to worthy and competent candidates. 

The superintendents are wide awake and alive to the educational interests of their counties. 

They are required to visit every school in their respective counties during the scholastic year. 

The County Superintendent distributes, semi-annually, his county's apportionment of the annual school fund, consults with district officers and 
decides disputes, holds county normal institutes, rearranges district boundaries for the best interests of the schools, holds general educational meetings 
for the public in viirious sections of the county, and collects and compiles statistics which he submits annually to the State Superintendent. 

Closely allied to the country district school is that of the city. The latter, besides providing for elementary education, furnishes a fitting link 
binding firndy the interests of elementary and higher education within our borders. 

More tlian a hundred cities of the Slate have systems more or less perfectly graded, and in the larger cities of the first and second classes 
much attention is given to correct gradation aiul classification of studies, in accord with the ideas of the new education. 

Under a law of 1886. counties having a population of 6.000 or more are enabled to establish County High Schools, after having first voted 
upon the question favorably at a general election. Four County High Schools are now in successful operation, and doing much to instill a desire 
for higher education among the masses of students attending the same. 

As a fitting climax to the educational system of the State, are the three State schools, viz.: The University at Lawrence, the Normal School at 
Emporia, and the Agricultural College at Manhattan. 

These institutions rank with the best in the land, and are fast becoming centers of culture and influence, which, under the guidance of schol- 
arly faculties, are perfecting in an admirable manner our educational system, as foreseen and designed by the founders of our State Constitution. 

(15) 




KANSAS STATE NORHAL SCHOOL. 



BY PRESIDENT A. R. TAYLOR. 



The State Normal School was established by the Legislature in 1863, and opened its doors to students Feb- 
ruary 15, 1863. It soon took a high rank among the State Normal Schools in the West, and has steadily in- 
creased in numljers and influence. It is located at Emporia, one of the most beautiful and progressive cities in 
the entire State. The attendance for several years has been very large, reaching a total of 1,649 last year. 

The School is supported by the income from the interest on its endowment, now about S370,000, certain spe- 
cial fees, and biennial legislative appropriations. The total income from these sources for the current year, 
including appropriations for certain repairs and improvements, is S43,000. The total value of the property, 
including buildings and grounds, is placed at over S450,000. 

The two departments of science occupy eleven rooms in all. The provisions in the way of laboratories in 
these departments are most liberal, and are made with a special view to instruction in ways and means of illus- 
trating natural phenomena for the public schools. 

The art department, occupying three rooms, is provided with a full line of casts, reliefs, models, historical ornaments, etchings, engravings, 
atereopticon views, etc., etc. The other departments in the institution are similarly equipped. 

The library, occupying four rooms on the second floor, now numbers, including the additions now making, about 13,000 volumes, selected with 
great care, and with the needs of a Normal School constantly in view. 

The Model School is one of the principal features of the institution, and occupies a suite of ten beautiful rooms in the east wing. 
As is well known, Albert Taylor Hall, the new assembly-room recently completed, is one of the handsomest auditoriums in the West, accom- 
modating, as occasion demands, 1,400 people. 

The faculty consists of twenty-four members, fifteen of whom are heads of departments, all of them being men and women of liberal scholar- 
ship and wide experience in all kinds of school work. Several of them are authors of valuable school-books, and recognized as high authorities on 
the subjects they teach. The officers of the faculty are, A. R. Taylor, president, J. N. Wilkiusou, secretary. 

The school is controlled by a board of six Regents, appointed by the Governor of the Slate, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 
Their term of office is four years, one-half of the members retiring every two years. The present board consists of V. K. Stanley, president ; M. F. 
Knappenberger, vice-president; John Madden, secretary; S. H. Dodge, treasurer; J. S. McGrath, and J. S. Winans. 

The graduates and undergraduates of the School are found in nearly every city and village in the State, and through them it is exerting a great 
influence for education of a higher and better sort. Many of its graduates are occupying prominent positions in otiier States. 

The School is recognized as one of the best of its kind in this country. Its popularity at home attests the thoroughness of its work and the 
firm hold it has taken in the affections of the people. 

Tuition in the Normal Department is free to Kansas students. 

(16) 




KANSAS STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
(Located at Emporia.) 

(IV) 




THE KANSAS STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 



BY PRESIDENT GEORGE T. FAIRCHII.D. 



TiiK Kansas State Agricultural College was organized in February, 1863, the Slate having endowed 
with the laud grant of 1863 the Bluemoiit Central College, donated to the State by its founders, and opened 
in September following with three teachers. 

It has had three presidents: Joseph Denison, D. D., 1863-73; Rev. John A. Anderson, 1873-79; 

and Geo. T. Fairohild, LL. D., from 1879 to the present time. Since 1873 its plan has been to furnish 

a sound scientific and industrial education in agriculture and the mechanic arts, with genuine discipline 

of mind. Its course of four years is directly eonueeted with the best common schools of the State, so that 

^^^^^^^^^^^^ the sons and daughters of farmers and mechanics may enter without examiuation upon approved diplomas 

^ J f W^^IPH^'' from county courses, certificates from city schools, or certificates to teach ; thus students are prepared 

at home for all its privileges. This fact, togetlier with its established record for thorough work in its 
special lines, has given it first rauk among the land-grant colleges of the United States, as definitely 
accomplishing its purpose of reaching the industrial classes with a liberal education, and being most largely patronized by farmers. Its 650 
students, two-thirds of whom are young men with an average age of over twenty years, are largely from country homes, nearly three-fourths being 
^ons and daughters of farmers. Its graduates, nearly five hundred in number, are represented in all the professions of life, but about one-third are 
tlirectly connected with agricultural pursuits or investigations, while au equal number are engaged in mechanical and business employments. The 
smaller number who have found their way into the so-called professions are characterized by au earnest sympathy with every line of industry. 

In our own State, its rank as a distinctly scientific institution in stroug practical lines is undisputed. Its course of four years" general training 
lias more students than any four-years course in other institutions, or than all the four-years courses combined in any other institution of tlie State. 
Its endowment by gift of the United States secures au annual income that has made the cost of maintenance to the State hitherto but a tritle, 
though its increasing patronage already demands a larger support by the State. Its equipment, amounting to nearly 8400,000 in value, equals the 
total cost to the State in its thirty-three years of growth. Its buildings, ten in number, all of stone, are worth $300,000. The farm of 328 acres 
includes the orchard, gardens and experimental plats, as well as the College grounds planted with several hundred varieties of trees and shrubs, 
making the finest illustration of landscape gardening in the State. A most beautiful location on one of the benches of the Kaw valley, overlooking 
tlie city, and partially surrounded by the high bluffs bordering the valley, adds to its charms. 

In apparatus, its farm is well stocked with the best breeds of cattle, sheep and swine ; its greenhouses and fruit plantations ; its extensive shops 
for wood and iron work ; its sewing- and cooking-rooms ; its laboratories in chemistry, botany, zoology, physiology, and physics — all are recognized 



( IS) 



as excellent, each in its way. Its museums are especially well arranged for class use, being directly accessible from class-rooms. Its library of 
ie,000 volumes is of growing importance, already being the best scientific library iu the State. 

The faculty is a body of recognized experts, twenty-four in number, many of whom have a State and National reputation for both scientific at- 
itaiument and practical ability. With these are associated, in the corps of instruction, some fifteen assistants and foremen. 

The students are noted as a body of earnest and energetic young people. Though they have not been carried away by the passion for inter- 
collegiate contests, they are alive to all means of education and training of mind and body. The military training required gives to the young men 
.an erect and manly beariug, and calistheuic exercises are provided for the young women. Four good literary societies, a Y. M. C. A. and a Y. W. 
C. A. are student organizations. The department of music atfords, free of expense, training iu both vocal and iustrumental music. Social and 
literary entertaiumeuts are a part of the regular routine. 

The College reaches out over the Slate in a series of farmers' institutes each winter, and through its publication of Experinieut Station bulletins, 
and by its weekly paper, The Industrialist, having a circulation of 2,000. 

Tuition is free, and no fees of any kind are charged. Expenses of books, tools, board, etc., are moderate, and some opportuuity for earning is 
ottered. The self-dependent student is in everything eucouraged. 

EXPEBIMENT STATION. 

The College has always used its farm, gardens, aud orchards, as well as its herds of blooded cattle, tor iucreasiug knowledge iu agricultural 
matters by experiment. In 1888, however, under the so-called Hatch act, a full experiment staliou was organized, with the professors of agriculture, 
liorliculliue, chemistry, botany and veterinary science in charge of as many departments for carrying out the purposes of the law, viz. : "to conduct 
original researches or verify experiments on the physiology of plants and animals; the diseases to which they are severally subject, with the reme- 
dies for the same ; the chemical combination of useful plants at their different stages of growth ; the comparative advantages of rotative cropping as 
pursued under a varying series of crops ; the capacity of new plants or trees for acclimation ; the analysis of soils and water ; the chemical compo- 
sition of manures, natural or artificial, with experiments designed to test their comparative ettects on crops of different kinds ; the adaptation aud 
value of grasses and forage plants ; the composition and digestibility of the different kinds of food for domestic animals ; the scientific and economic 
■questions involved in the production of butter and cheese; aud such other researches and experiments bearing directly on the agricultural industry 
of the United States as may in each case be deemed advisable." 

In the seven years since the opening of this department of the College, the $15,000 annually appropriated by Congress has been devoted 
strictly to experiments in agriculture, while the entire farm of 330 acres and facilities of the farm and horticultural departments have been used in 
this direction. 

The publications of the Station have been widely circulated among the most enterprising farmers, to the number of 6,000, and cover a large 
variety of inquiries. Besides the seven annual reports, there have been fifty-five bulletius describing in detail special lines of experiment. Of 
these, sixteen concern cereals, ten diseases of plants, six sugar-growing, five fruit-raising, four cattle-feeding, three diseases of animals, three 
forage plants, three insects and vegetables, two hog-raising, and two noxious weeds. 

This College has been held in high repute in other States, and wields a strong influence in the national association of similar colleges. Several 

(19) 



of its officers have official connection with that body, and its President has long been a life director of the National Educational Association and a 

member of its Council. 

A visit to the Kansas State Agricultural College enlarges one's ideas of industrial education as a means of developing the youth of our land into, 
earnest, intelligent men and women. Trained to self-help, and encouraged in all that gives independence of thought and ingenuity in action, the- 
students become the best of citizens. Their familiarity with the most important arts of life while in contact with the best culture, gives a broad 
and practical view of the world and its work. No better training for the same length of time has been devised, and the graduates of the College- 
are making its name and fame appreciated. 




KANSAS STATE AGRKJULTUKAL, COLLEGE. 
(Located at Manhattan.) 

(20) 




THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS. 

(Located at Lawrence.) 



BY CHANCELLOR F. H. SNOW. 



The Uuiversity of Kansas is the result of a series of legislative enactments, beginning with the 
apt of the National Congress approved January 29, 1861, by v^hich seventy-two sections of laud were 
set aside for the maintenance of the State University in Kansas, and followed by subsequent enact- 
ments of the Legislature of the State of Kansas, making provision for the support and government of 
the University. The governing power of the University is vested in a board of seven Regents. 
This board has general supervision and control over the affairs of the University, and is empowered 
to confer the degrees and grant the diplomas usually conferred and granted by similar institutions 
The University consists of five distinct schools: The School of Arts, the School of Law, the School 
of Engineering, the School of Pharmacy, and the School of Fine Arts. It stands at the head of the 
public-school system of the State, the courses of study of the high schools being arranged in most 
instances in confoimily with the plan of preparatory studies prescribed by the University 

The buildings of the University are eight in number, and consist of the Main Building, Spooner 

Library, North College, Physics and Electrical Engineering Building, Chemistry Building, Snow Hall, 

Music Hall (rented by the University), and Electrical Engineering Shops and Engine House. 

The Main Building, erected in 1.S72, is 246 feet in length, 98 feet wide in the center, wings 62 feet each, and has a total number of 54 rooms. 

The School of Law occupies the north half of the first floor, and the School of Engineering the south half of the building above the second floor. 

The offices of the Chancellor, Secretary and Treasurer aud Registrar are in this building. 

Spooner Library was erected in 1894, by means of the bequest of William B. Spooner, of Boston, at a cost of 875.000. It is 112 by 50 feet, 
and consists of two stories and a basement. The general reading-room, the newspaper room and the offices of the librarian and cataloguer are on 
the first floor. The second floor contains a hall suited for smaller audiences than are accommodated in University Hall, and in the basement are 
the seminary rooms. The iron fire-proof book-stack forms the east portion of the building, yet is so cut off from the main structure as to render 
its contents absolutely secure. It is capable of holding 100,000 volumes ; the entire inside work is made of iron, and it is provided with elevators 
•and lifts. 

The Physics and Electrical Engineering Building, erected at a cost of 85S,000, was first used during the present year. It is admirably adapted 
for work in physics and electricity, being amply provided with lecture-rooms aud reading-rooms, chemical and work-shop rooms, besides private 
rooms for advanced physical work. The electrical circuits are so planned that they can all be delivered in each laboratory room. The building is 
liglited throughout with electricity, and constructed without iron below the third story to avoid magnetic disturbances. 

(21) 



The Chemistry Building contains the offices, lecture-rooms and laboratories of tlie departments of chemistry and pharmacy. It is a T-shaped! 
building, the main portion being 80 by 35 feet and the L north being 40 feet square. 

Snow Hall of Natural History is 110 by 100 feet, consists of two stories of 16 feet each, a basement, and an attic of 12 feet. The museums 
and collections of the geological and zoological departments occupy the west half of the building. The east half of the first floor, with the exceptioQ 

of a large lecture-room, i;^ devoted to the use of the depart- 







ments of geology and vertebrate anatomy. The laboratories 
and collections of the departments of entomology and botany 
are on the second floor. The work-rooms of the taxidermist 
and the depart of zoology are on the third floor. 

Music Hall (rented by the University), situated conven- 
iently on Massachusetts street and containing concert and 
smaller rooms, is occupied by the School of Fine Arts. 

The Electrical Engineering Shops and Engine House is 
a building 80 by 48, containing a battery of six boilers for 
supplying steam heat and power. 

The facilities for work placed at the disposal of students 
of the University are ample and e.xcelleut. 

The University Library is open to all students of the 
institution, and the most liberal opportunities for using it 
are offered. The general reference books, cyclopedias, dic- 
tionaries, journals, and periodicals, together with a card 
catalogue, ai-e in the reading-room, and open to all. The 
nun.ber of volumes in the fire-proof stack is 24,147. While 
this number is not large, the books are selected with the- 
greatest care, and the latest and best authorities are furnished. 
The collections in botany, entomology, zoology and geology comprise about 17.5,000 specimens. The herbarium includes about 5,000 species 
of plants, arranged systematically for study and examination. In the entomological collections are found over 20,000 species, represeuting all the 
different orders of insects. The extensive collection of North-American mammals has a national reputation for its artistic excellence. Specimens 
of birds to the number of 1,500, belonging to 500 different species, are found in the ornithological cabinets. The study of osteology is aided by a 
series of mounted skeletons. The mineralogieal and geological collections comprise about 100,000 specimens. An excellent series of typical paleo- 
zoic invertebrate fossils, particularly those of the carboniferous of Kansas, is contained in the geological collectious. The collections of mesozoic 
vertebrates and cretaceous plants are among the most noteworthy of the world. 




(22) 



The .School of Eugiueering is well equipped with inod- 
ern apparatus. There are field and laboratory iustruiiients 
of all kinds, among which are a precise level for accurate 
leveling, a secondary triangulation transit for topographical 
work, an alt-azimulh instrument for use in primary triangu- 
lations, which has a ]()-inch circle, read to single seconds of 
arc, a2,000-pouud cement-testing machine, an Olseu 100,000- 
pound testing machine, machine saws, polishing wheels, etc. 
The laboratories of the University afford the best modern 
facilities for practical work in physics, chemistry, botany, 
and light electrical engineering. The engine house, con- 
taining low-pressure and high-pressure boilers, has also 
machine shops adapted to practical training in rhachine work. 
The machine department is provided with vises, carpenter 
tools, lathes, drills, milling machines, etc. In the engine 
house are also an American arc-plant complete, a .500-light 
Westinghouse alternator, a 7.50-light Wood alternator, and 
a 20-kilowatt compound-wound multipolar generator. 






.UN|VER5ITY^fW>fc£VH5lCi5^ 








The special schools of the Uuiveisitj ate well prepared 
to give thorough and systematic instruction in their lines of 
work. 

The .School of Pharmacy now offers courses of two and 
four years' work. Its laboratories are well supplied with 
apparatus and material necessary to pursue profitably the 
study of pharmacy. 

The School of Engineering offers exceptional advan- 
tages to those desiring to take work either in civil or elec- 
trical engineering. The new building of Physics and 
Electrical Engineering, the south halt of the Main Building 
above second floor and the machine shops are devoted ex- 
clusively to the use of that school. The material equipment 
is increased by annual appropriations. 



(23) 



The School of Law offers a thorough and complete course of instruction to those desiring admission to the bar. Moot courts are in continual 
session, and a Kent Club has been formed by the students, iu which dissertations are read and cases argued. During the term, lectures by eminent 

jurists are given supplementary to the general courses in the 
various subjects of law. Regular instruction is given by 
recitation upon assigned portions of text-books, and by ex- 
planatory lectures. 

The School of Fine Arts has extensive facilities for both 
amateur and advanced instruction. The school is well pro- 
vided with pianos, charts, plaster casts, engravings, and 
etchings. The instruction in this school embraces courses 
iu piano, pipe-organ, violin, free-hand drawing, painting, 
modeling, contrapuntal harmony, canon, fugue, and musical 
composition. 

Tuition is free to Kansas students in every school of the 
University, with the exception of the School of Fine Arts, 
and no contingent or admission fee is required of inhabitants 
of the State. Tuition is not free to non-residents of the 
State. A fee to cover cost of material used and apparatus 
l)roken is i-equired in advance, of all studeuts in chemistry, 
pliarmacy, medicine, physics, natural history, and civil en- 
gineering. A graduation fee of $5 is required iu all depart- 
ments. 

The faculty at the present time consists of .5,5 members. 
Many of its members are men of national reputation, and 
stand in the foremost educational rank. The courses of 
study offered by the difTerent instructors embrace almost the entire field of education. Advanced work in academic research is offered to all 
students cap.able of carrying it on profitably. 

During the year 1894-95 there were enrolled 875 students at the University; during the present year the enrollment is S90. 
One ot the most noteworthy features of instruction at the University is the amount of optional work that is allowed. Hardly a siuiil.ar Institu- 
tion in the West permits so much freedom in the selection of studies. The only restriction upon the student in his junior and senior years Is that 
he .shall not take more than four terms' work in one department or under one instructor. The departments offering optional studies number twenty. 
In the sophomore year the studies are divided into two groups, the first comprising the languages, the second comprising all other courses. The 




(24) 



six full terms' work of that year are chosen from these two groups, not more than four terms from either group. In the freshman year the work 
is mainly prescribed, except that the student is free in his choice of languages. 

The University of Kansas ranks among the highest educational institutions. Its faculty of over fifty members embraces men who have 
attained distinction in the lines of their respective work. Its general facilities and equipment for both under-graduate and post-graduate work are 
unexcelled iu the West. 



.J, ■■v''.gi!ift":^.!.ji= 



==? I/*^.* 



^^TlT 







r 






TEMPLE OFJLSTICE FOR BAKTOX C )UNTT 



CENTRAL XORMAL COLLEGE. GREAT BEND. KANSAS. 



(2i) 



KANSAS — AGRICULTURALLY. 



BY HON. F. D. COBURN, SECRETARY STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



While having iiiauy oilier iuterests, important and varied, Kansas if anything is preeminently au agricultural State, and its present wealth 
has been, as that of the future will be, the product of its fertile and well-nigh limitless fields, its herds and flocks. Although uot without occasional 
vicissitudes of season and climate as all sections of every country have been, resulting in a shortage of one or more crops, no further argument is- 
necessary to attest her wondrous wealth of fertility and production than the official record of past achievement. 

A part of this record is that in the 2.5 years ending with 1805 Kansas has produced corn worth on 
the farm 9776,103,000, or for every one of these years, good or bad, more than 831,000,000 worth; 
that in the same period her wheat crops were valued at 8390,068,000, or in excess of $!.'>, 602,753 
annually ; that her oats crop during the same time amounted to 8168,417,534, and that in the last 15 
years the surplus live-stock and their products at home market valuations fell but a trifle short of 
8590,000,000, or a yearly average of nearly 840,000,000. 

The State's showing agriculturally in the year 1895 — a season of much unfavorable weather and 
e.xtreme depression in values — is set out in detail by the following: 

Table showing the total acreage, quantity and value of farm prodacts in Kansas for 1895. 









13 


^'i 


fk. 


.j|i^MI| 


1^^^^ 


M^ '^ ''^' 


^^^^^ 


Mji 


9 



Crops. 


Acrea. 


1 
Quantities. Value. 


CropH. 


Acres. Quantitief. 


Value. 


Winter wheat ....bu. 4.056.514 


15,512,211 $7,2.55,571 21 

488.819: 307,547 26 

201,4.57.396146.189.772 72 

31,664.748, 5,630.188 06 

1.6.55.713' 623,635 13 

1, 690,, 545 1 441,431 39 

6, ,598' 3 101 06 


Millet and llunga- 


301.672 61' 160 


$2 050 786 00 


Corn bu.i S, 394.871 

Oat!- bii.| 1,6116.343 

Rye bu.I 179, H71 

Barlev bu. 118,805 


Kalir-cprn, Jerusa- 
lem com iind Mile 
maize tons 


232.498 
464.646 

87.089 

160,663 

139,878 

3,010 

43,667 

4,885,249 


793,094 


2,Or4,117 00 


Buckwheat bu.I 873 


Clover . . . 






96,228 


7,635,866 
372,429 

22,857 

286.400 

1,630,530 

145,600 

282,800 


2,506,358 00 

137,714 41 

2,533,952 86 

22,857 OO 

17,184 00 

1,286,471 11 

7,280 00 

28,280 00 

1,823,159 65 






Sweet potatoes., .bu. 


4,321 
312,730 

2,959 

3.58 

233,903 


Alfalfa . . 


} 464,334 


1,972,994 50 


Sorghum 


Orchard-grass 

Other tame grasses. . 

Prairie-grass, fenced, 

tons 

Totals 




Castor beans bu. 

Cotton lbs. 

Flax bu. 


1,153,757! 3,461,27100 


Tobacco lbs. 404 


21 576 704 




$77,663,664 28 


Broora-corn Ibe. 


134,487 


60,511,360 







(26) 



Table showing numbers and values of live-stock, etc., in Kansas lor 1895. 



Quantitief!. 



Total value of farm products, brought forward 

Animals slaughtered or sold tor slaughter 

Poultry and eggs sold 

Wool clip 

Cheese 

Butter 

Milk sold 

Garden products marketed 

Horticultural products marketed 

Wine niannfactured 

Honey and beeswax 

Wood marketed 



.lbs. 
.lbs. 
.lbs. 



.gals, 
..lbs. 



828,778 

729,489 

31,154,220 



20', 895 
268,778 



Value. 



$77,663,664 38 

40,691,074 CO 

3,315,067 00 

74,590 02 

76,596 35 

4,0.50,048 60 

383,987 00 

939,642 CO 

930,084 00 

154,42! 25 

40,520 45 

184,097 00 



Total , 



$128,503,791 95 



Live-stock as returned by assessors, and their v.alues, for the year 1895. 



Animals. 



Horses 

Mules and asses 

Milch cows 

Other cattle 

Sheep 

Swine 



Total . 



Number. 



95,169 
517,2.54 

1.238,919 
136,530 

1,666,221 



Value. 



833,878,092 CO 

3,235,746 00 

12,414,096 00 

33,919,461 Oil 

327,648 00 

9,164,215 50 



$72,939,258 50 



A State evolved within a third of a century from a range for wild 
animals and wilder men, with such a record as these statistics show can 
well stand with pride in the presence of any and all claiming agricultural 
preeminence; yet her past achievements are but a hint of future possi- 
bilities. Any reverses encountered in the previous years have but 
prompted to new and better endeavor and a determination to overcome 
the obstacles with which only experience could make us familiar. 

One of these, in some years, has been a shortage of seasonable raiu- 



*^. 



m 




KYK-FIELO, 040 ACRES, SOUTH OF GAKDEN CITV, FINNEY COUNTY. 



fall •This~'h;rca;;se"dth;" V.estion of irrigation and extent of the available water-supply for tltat purpose to be much studied by our people, many of 
wLLelo^'actiJel^y to work to develop them through both individual enterprise and .egis.attve assistance with results 



thus far eminently 



(27) 



■satisfactory aud encouraging. The ascertainment and utilization of the underground waters, a judicious catchment, conservation, and use of the 
storm waters heretofore so largely wasted, the deeper, more thorough breaking-up of compacted, impervious subsoils, a belter understanding of 
what crops are best adapted to the different sections, along with a more thorough system of agriculture, (now subjects of profound study), promise 
an increased and constantly increasing prosperity. Instead of vast ranges, sparse settlements, slipshod ranch farming, wheat kings, aud cattle 
barons, this will mean intensive tillage, by and through which will be evolved a commonwealth of not ungenerous yet smaller land-holdings, 

modest competence, aud communities contented 
because comfortable. 

The conditions which have prevailed and the 
knowledge gained of climate, soils and markets 
are to result in a new agriculture and a new pros- 
perity for Kansas, upon wliich we are now entering. 
The ways and means of these are in large measure 
suggested by the talismanic words, "Irrigation," 
".Subsoiling," "Alfalfa," and "Sorghums." 

The first of these has so far i)rogressed as to 
demonstrate the entire feasibility of assuring 
crops annually, regardless of timely rains, by 
fructifying with the demonstrated extensive un- 
derground water-supply (independent of streams) 
a very considerable percentage of our most fertile 
lands, in the western two-thirds of the State 
especially, where . retarded rainfall during the 
growing months has not iufreguently made the 
profits of agriculture quite uncertain. The pump- 
ing of these waters will be inexpensively done, 
by harnessing to the work the ever-present 
breezes, which, shot through and tlnougli with 
sunshine, are wafted across our broad prairies and give the ideal healthful climate for all breathing things, and for developing the choicest 
growths of grain, fruit, and flower. 

By means of subsoiling aud deep tillage there will be stored in the soil, for u.se when most needed, much of the usually sufficient yearly rain- 
fall heretofore permitted to waste itself and do actual damage as run-off. 

The wonderful plant alfalfa is proving itself not only one of the most satisfactory, useful, and profitable field crops known to our agriculture, 




WHEAT UAUVE8TING SOUTH OF LARXED. PAWNEE COl'STY. KANSAS. 



(28) 



but also especially adapted to the soil conditions prevailing in those sections of the State where some of the better-known staple crops are not, 
always reliably productive. ' A like description applies to the sorghums, including the saccharine, as well as the non-saccharine varieties known as 
Kafir-corn, Milo maize, and Jerusalem corn, which, even under phenomenally adverse conditions, give prodigious yields of^superior forage and 
wholesome, nutritious grain for that live-stock which, under the new environment, must necessarily become highly developed and will likewise be- 
so much of a factor in our material advancement. 

There is undoubtedly likewise a great future for the dairy interest in Kansas. With our excellent grasses, the tremendous quantities of Indian, 
corn, the sorghums, etc., that we can raise for forage and grain, also for ensilage, affording succulent milk-producing feed throughout the winter, 
there can scarcely be a limit to our possible dairy output. The supply of pure cold water which the costless and tireless airs of Heaven wilt 
pump fresh each hour must constitute an invaluable adjunct to such enterprises, and these advantages are rapidly being utilized. 

In my judgment there has never before been such an auspicious time for the ambitious, industrious, and willing worker, American or foreign, 
to take up his abode in Kansas and begin carving out for himself and his a home, a competence, and an identity, as now presents itself. Lands, 
will never again be so reasonable in price nor will opportunities probably ever again be more numerous or inviting for ground-floor investment ira 
any one of our 105 splendid counties. 




FABM SCENE IN SCOTT CODHTY. 
"JUST BEGINNINO." 




aRAZING LANDS IN CHEROKEE COUNTT. 
SCENE ON "HXUPHIS ROUTE. " 



(») 




HORTICULTURE IN KANSAS. 



Br HON. EDWIN TATI.OB. SECRETARY STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Most Eastern people, when they think of Kansas, picture to themselves a great reach of prairie, the 
portions under cultivation broken only by "Walls of Corn," dotted with box-houses and dug-outs, with 
no shade, no flowers, no fruit. The only true feature in that picture, as applied to the established por- 
tions of the State, is the prairie. 

Where trees grow with such luxuriauce as here, it requires but a little time and effort to surround 
the homo with groves and orchards — though where timber never grew before. 

Small-fruit culture in Kansas is favored by both soil and climate. Berries are over 90 per cent, 
w aler, and lequire much iiioisture to develop them. Where the clouds fail to produce this moisture, we 
bring irrigatiou into play. In the eastern portions of the State, irrigation is seldom resorted to, the rain- 
fall there being greater than in many sections east of the Mississippi river. People accustomed to the 
expression "drouthy Kansas"' may be surprised to learn that the annual rainfall at Lawrence, Kansas, is 
greater than at Detroit, Mich., but the figures given by the Signal Service Department for 1895 show 
that Lawrence had 36.25 inches while Detroit had 30.05 inches. For the growing months of April, May, 
■June and July, IS'.i.">. Lawience liad 18.09 inches; Detroit 13.11. The average rainfall differs but slightly from that of 1895, and likewise gives 
Kansas a marked advantage over Michigan. 

The general abundance of fruits and vegetables in the homes of farmers is a marked characteristic of eastern Kansas, where the settlement is 
old enough to have grown into standards of its own. Our market-gardeners are not able to get the high prices for small fruits and vegetables 
which some of their Eastern brethren enjoy ; but they have their compensation in larger crops, produced without expense for fertilizer. 
Peaches, in Kansas, are sometimes killed by cold winters; we average about three crops in five years. Pears rarely fail. 

But our great fruit crop is apples. This is the home of the "big red apple," where it unites the size and color of the South with the flavor 
and keeping quality of the North. On our red clay hills and upland prairie we get immense crops of handsome, high-colored apples that are 
almost free from worms and scab. In sorting them up there are but few " culls." less " seconds " than " firsts," and the firsts are as if hand-painted. 
Cold storage, so fully developed in our Western cities, has put the apple-orchardist on a firmer basis. It has doubled the time of his selling, and 
practically relieved him from loss by decay. " Refrigerator " cars eliminate the perils of frost and heat alike, when his apples are in transit. 
Refrigeration on shijiboard is coming. It will be placed (the writer has been informed) on the steamship line to be run in connection with the 
new roads now building to the Gulf. Then we shall be only $1 a barrel distant from Liverpool or London. It puts Kansas orchards ne.'tt door to 
Europe, and answers in advance any questions as to the adequacy and permanence of our markets. 



30) 



THE SUNNY PLAINS OF KANSAS. 



BY MRS. LILLA DAT MONROE. 



O'er the billowy stretch of >nn-kissecl green, 
With its wondrous shades, its lights and its sheen. 
Sweeps a true Kansas sky, more splendid in dyes 
Than the most famed of Italy's beauteous skies. 

With its tints of the opal, the rose, burnished brass : 
And it mirrors its moods in the velvety grass. 

No artist, whatever his merits or pains. 
Can copy on canvas the tints of our plains ; 
Catch the swift-fleeting shadows, that shift as they fly 
Like enchanted mosaics, bedazzling the eye. 

There's a glint of sienna that's ravishing quite, 
But it proves to be only a change in the light; 

And a touch of chrome yellow, a soft changing rose. 

Which is only a trick of old Sol as he throws 
A smile of approval upon the whole scene ; 
Pure ultramarine melts to emerald green ; 

But e'en while you're gazing, if Sol shall but frown 

The shades are all blent from raw umber, or brown. 



Here's a maxim re-dressed, and 1 think it is true : 

"It you laugh at the plaius, they will laugh back at you !' 

There's magic, a spell, what you will, in the air. 

And it catches you foul, or catches you fair, 

But it catches you — yes, and it holds you a friend 
To the dear sunny plains from the first to the end. 



\ 



Like the vale of Avoca, this green prairie meer 
By the presence of loved ones is rendered more dear. 
Fling yourself idly down on the carpeted ground. 
Let some dear little feet patter gaily around ; 
Baby fingers to sweeten the fast-flying hours, 
Rob of all their rich treasures anemone bowers. 

Aye, truly that shimmer of silver and gold, 
As far in the distance as eye can behold. 
Is the filmiest vail of sheer cob-webbed lace. 
That e'er framed with its drapiugs some dainty bride face! 
Ah, the plaius and the sky have a grand marriage feast. 
And we are the guests, dear, from greatest to least. 

But I turn from the glamour of prairies and skies. 

To catch the love-light in a pair of grave eyes; 
And I knew as we watched our wee children at play. 
In the sweetrscented grass, on that fair summer day, 

That love's blessed aroma pervaded the scene ; 

And though flowers bloomed as gay, and grass grew 
as green. 

If the river of discord flowed murky along, 
It would chill nature's heart and hush the glad song 
Of the birds ; and the whole radiant picture would 
To an etching in coal of our glorious range. [change. 

So, if you're world-weary, and longing for rest. 
Just come to the plains and submit to be blessed. 



(31) 




RAILROADS. 



BT SAMUEL T. HOWE, STATE KAILBOAD COMMISSIONER. 



On March 20, 1860, railroad iron was first laid in Kansas. At the beginning of 1865 only 40 miles 
had been built, but at the close of that year there were 300 miles. By March, 1866, the Kansas Pacific- 
track had reached Silver Lake, ten miles west of Topeka. In April, 1867, cars were run to within five 
miles of Salina, and in December of that year the 335th mile of the Kansas Pacific was completed. In 
December, 1867, was laid the last rail of the 100th mile of the Central Branch U. P. At the beginning of 
1868 the railroad mileage had increased to 523 miles, in which was included the line from Leavenworth to 
Lawrence, 33 miles in length, and that portion of the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston extending from 
Lawrence to Ottawa, 27 miles. In October, 1868, at Topeka, was begun the construction in a southwesterly 
direction of the Atchison, Topeka & Siinta Fe Railroad, In December of 1869 that road ran trains to Bur- 
lingame. By June, 1872, it had reached Hutchinson, and was completed to the Colorado line, 470 miles 
from Atchison, by December 23d, 187?. On April 11th, 1874, track-l.iying began at Topeka, upon the Mid- 
land road, now a part of tlie Santa Fe, extending from Topeka to Kansas City, and the work progressed 
so rapidly that on June 3d following a train was run from Topeka to Lawrence; but it was not until August 30, 1875, that regular trains were run- 
ning between Topeka and Kansas City. With but few exceptions, the railway mileage in the State was thereafter annually increased. The greatest 
increases were in tlie years 1879, 1887, and 1888. During 1887 and 1888, 42 per cent, of the present mileage was built. These data are given in 
order to show the rapid progress which attended the building of railways in Kansas, never equaled, perhaps, in any other American State. 
The annual increase after 1870 in the agregate mileage appears in the following statement : 



Year. 


Miles. 


Increase. 


Year. 


Miles. 


Increase, 


Year. 


Miles. 


Increase. 


Decrease. 


1864 


40 
1,501 
1,760 
2,063 
2,100 
2,150 
2,150 
2,238 
2.352 




1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 


2,427 

3,103 

3,400 

3,609 

3.820 

3,885.95 

4,038.19 

4,168.48 

4,703.86 


75 
676 
297 
209 
211 

65.95 
153.24 
130.29 
535.38 


1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 


6,550.79 

8,515.79 
8,755.07 
8,797.37 
8,886.29 
8,886.29 
8,906.06 
8,906.06 
8,888.13 


1,846.^3 

1,964.99 

239.29 

42.30 
88.92 




1870 


1,461 

259 

303 

37 

50 




1871 




1872 




1873 




1874 




1875 


19.84 




1876 


88 
114 




1877 




17.93 









(83) 



The Dodge City & Montezuma Railroad, 26.40 miles, and 1 1.49 miles of the Kansas City, Clinton & Springfield Railroad, extending from Cedar 
Junction to Olathe, have been abandoned and the rails removed. This decrease in mileage, partially offset by changes in mileage resulting from 
more exact reports by railroad companies iu 1895 than had previously been made, accounts for the decreased mileage appearing for the year 1895, 
which is believed to be the exact mileage within the State. Kansas, on June .SOth, 1894, was exceeded in railway mileage by only three States: 
Illinois, Texas, and Pennsylvania. Later statistics are not available, bur it is believed that the then rank of Kansas as the fourth Stat« in railway 
mileage has not been changed. 

The decennial census for 1895, taken under the supervision of Hon. F. D. Coburn, Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, gives as the 
population of Kansas 1,334,734. Using the mileage of 1895 as a divisor, it is found that there are about 150 inhabitants to each mile of road. There 
are 105 counties in the State, and 100 of them have one or more roads. Of the 105 county seats, all but eight have one or more roads. 

There are about 1,200 stations upon the lines of railway in the State. Of these, 1,030 have one railway, 148 have each two roads, 22 have each 
three roads. 6 have four roads each, 3 have five and 1 has eight roads. 

What are usually considered as distinct railway systems have mileage in Kansas as 
lollows : 

.\tchison, Topeka it Santa Fe, 2,711.02 

St. Louis & San Francisco 435.07 

Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 2i)9.81 

Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 1,141.20 

Kansas City Belt (a transfer road at Kansas CJly) 3.97 

Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis, 268.56 

Kansas City, Pittsburg & Gulf 18.38 

LTnion Termiual (a transfer road at Kansa* CJty) 6-31 

Missouri, Kansas & Teias, 399.70 

Missouri Pacific 2,355.20 

Union Pacific _ 1, 289.91 

Total, 8,888.13 

Of these systems, the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, 
ilie Missouri Pacific and the Union Pacific traverse the entire length of the State east and 
west, and have branches in various directions. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, the Chi- 
cago, Rock Island & Pacific, the Missouri Pacific, the Missouri, Kansas & Texas and the Kan- 
sas City, Fort Scott A Memphis have lines operating in a southerly direction, and reaching, 
either directly or in conjunction with other Hues, ports upon the Gulf of Mexico. The Kausas 
City. Pittsburg & Gulf is now Iieiug built from Kansas City, at the eastern boundary of Kansas, 
almost upon an:air line to the Gulf of Mexico. Its proposed Gulf terminus is Port Arthur, on Sabine Lake, to which point it is expected the road 
will be completed by September of the present year, 1896. The Atchison. Topeka & Santa Fe. the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, the Missouri 

(33) 




SECTIOlCoF K. C. FT. 8. 4 M. R. R. 

(BnlUlBt with griivel from Galeua Mines.) 



Pacific and the Union Pacific, with their eastern and western connections form transcontinental systems connecting Atlantic and Pacific harbors. 
Kansas, through its railway systems, has therefore access to ocean ports both east and west, and to lake and gulf ports. 

From Kansas City, at the mouth of the 
Kansas river, and at the east line of the 
State, the distances to the various ports easi 
and south are about as follows : 

To New York i,:!4r> 

" Newport News 1,208 

" Savannah 1,081 

" New Orleans 8TS 

" Port Arthur S'^o 

" Galveston, 7i>'.i 

" Chicago 4f)S 

From Wichita, a little east and north of 

the center of the southern boundary of the 

State, the distances are as follows : 

Milff. 
To New York (via Kansas City), . . . l,.'j.')0 

■■ Newport News, " " ... 1,422 

" Savannah, " " ... 1,205 

" New Orleans (short line) 910 

" Galveston, '■ " .... 704 

" Chicago, 072 

The events of the twenty years la.st past 
have wrought a remarkable change in the 
relation of railways to the public. Previous 
to the "Granger" movement, in the early 
'70s, the management of railways was domi- 
nated by the idea of private ownership. The 
public had few rights which railway man- 
agers fell bound to respect. With the then 
practically undisputed right to make trans- 
portation rates both discriminatory and e.\oessive, managers had control over the fortunes of iudividuals, of towns, and even of States, and the litera- 
ture of those days shows conclusively that they did not scruple to exercise their power. But the legislation resulting from the Granger movement 

( :M 1 




s. I', i:. i;. NKAt: i.AWjiiiNCE. 



has worked a revolution.. Slowly, necessarily so because of the magnitude of the interests involved, but surely, there has been developed. the 
principle that the private interests of railway ownership must be subordinated to the public welfare when conflicting therewith, and gradually there 
has been evolved a system of State control which, if not yet sufficiently perfect to insure equal justice to all interests, has nevertheless taken long 
strides in that direction. The days of stock and bond watering, except perhaps in form, are past. The ultimate result of State control will be the 
establishment of such charges for the services of carriers as will produce, in relation to the present worth of their property, such an income as is 
realized by the average industry of the country. 

Freight rates upon railways in the United States in the aggregate average lower than in any other country, notwithstanding the fact that rail- 
way employes of all grades are paid higher wages in this country than elsewhere. Their degree is less burdensome than their inecjuality. The 
great problem to be solved is that of distributing equally the burden of transportation charges. National and State systems of regulation must har- 
monize before that can be achieved, but the movement is in that direction. 

Kansas grains and their products have heretofore been transported overland a distance of from 1,400 to 1,S00 miles, to ports on the Atlantic coast; 
thence by water 3,000 miles or more, to the markets of the world, where they have successfully competed with similar articles from supply points 
considerably nearer those markets. They could not have done this had their land transportation charges not been less than were in effect in other 
countries from othpr points of supply. The railways of America always lead in improving methods of transportation, and therefore American ship- 
pers first get the benefit of resulting reduced charges ; but in time the same changes will occur in the most conservative countries, and as there must 
be a minimum below which charges cannot be reduced, the nearer point of supply will ultimately control the market ; hence the incentive to shorten 
all lines of transportation. When the land line of transportation between two points cannot be shortened, it is nevertheless possible to reduce the 
burden of its charges by diverting trafBc to another route, the greater part of which is by water, as the cost of water transportation is much less than 
that by laud. The shortening of overland hauls to market is therefore the great desideratum, and it is because of this that the people of Kansas, 
and of other trans-Missouri States, have taken a deep interest in the improvement of harbors upon the Gulf coast, so as to permit the entrance of 
ships of heavy draught. The benefits of the efforts of the National Government in that direction are already apparent. Ships drawing 21K feet have 
been enabled to enter the port of Galveston, and as the improvements at that harbor are not yet completed it is reasonably certain that vessels of 
much heavier tonnage will be able to enter. Considerable Kansas grain has already been exported via Galveston, and its movement in that direction, 
when insured, as it will undoubtedly be in the near future, will secure permanently the higher prices to producers which a brief experience has 
shown will result from the shortened land haul. The demaud of the people of this territory is that transportation charges by direct routes to all 
deep-water harbors shall be made with relative equality, and it is confidently expected that such an adjustment of rates will not be loug deferred. 
There is no State that, according to population, is better served by railways than Kansas. The main lines are maintained in excellent condition, 
and the service is as good as may be found anywhere. Much of the main-line track has been, at considerable expense, well ballasted with 
gravel, stone, cinders, slag, or other superior kind of ballast. Rails are constantly giving place to heavier steel rails joined by the best modern de- 
vices, so that the average speed found in any part of the country is here obtained with almost perfect safety, injuries from train accidents being 
comparatively infrequent. The rolling stock compares favorably with that in use in any part of the country, and generally, so far as railways arc 
concerned, Kansas challenges comparison with any sister Stale. 

(3.5) 




THE PRESS OF KANSAS. 



BY HON. .1. K. HUDSON. TOPEKA. 



One of tlie potent forces that liave made the yoiiug State of Kansas strong is the vigilant, loyal and 
intelligent periodical literature of the State. From the stormy and trying Territorial days of the State's 
history, when the fearless pioneer spirits had tlirown down the first gauge of real battle to the defenders 
of slavery, when the contest was begun here in this Territory between the advocates of human freedom 
and the pro-slavery forces of the South that ended at Appomattox, the first Kansas newspaper appeared 
at Leavenworth. It was on the 15th of September, 18.54, that the Herald was issued to advocate the 
claims of those who wanted to make Kansas a slave Stale. Pierce was President and Jefferson Davis 
was Secretary of War, and all the Federal machinery of the Government was in the hands of the Demo- 
cratic party, then controlled by the South. A month later the Kansas Tribune made its appearance, 
and about the same time the Herald of Freedom and the Kansas Free State were issued at Lawrence. 
The first number of the Tribune was printed in Ohio, and the first one of the Herald of Freedom in Penn- 
sylvania ; then came their removal to Kansas and their publication, without an office, under the most 
extraordinary difticulties. Lawrence was little more than a camp of a few weeks' growth, with its first 
lirimitive board and log cabins, when she boasted three newspapers. The first daily paper attempted in the new Territory was at Lawrence, 
July 4, 185.5, but it only lived one week. Then one was started in Topeka, in Oittober, 1855, which had a brief life; and another attempt was 
made the following spring in Topeka. but it had an early death, like all its predecessors. In September, 1857, the next attempt was made in 
Leavenworth with the Daily Ledger, which lived a short time and was succeeded by the first permanent daily publication of the State, the Leaven- 
worth Daily Times, which appeared February 15, 1858, and still lives. 

This is 1S96, and from the time the first weekly paper was printed under the shade of the scrub-oaks that covered the hills upon which Leav- 
■enworlli is located, in 1854, the growth of periodical literature has kept pace with the development of our 80.000 square miles of territory. The 
real work of making a State, of building towns, churches, schools, railroads, bridges, and all that goes to make a great and prosperous common- 
wealth, really began here with the close of the civil war, in 1865. Since that time all the early beginnings, purchased by the pioneers of 1854 and 
later with so nuich of noble sacrifice, have been improved upon, and, although suffering the usual difficulties of all new Western communities, the 
present million and a half of people in Kansas enjoy as great a degree of prosperity and content as may lie found among the same number of people 
in the same territory anywhere on the globe. 

In all the State's growth the press of Kansas has been a heljiful aiul willing force. Kansas stands eleventh in rank in the number of its publi- 
/■atious. Illinois leads ail the Stales, its publications numbering l.f.CU ; Pennsylvania is next, with l,44tj: Ohio third, with 1,443 ; New York has 

(36) 



1,427; Iowa, 1.1 in: Misjiouri. 048; Iiuliaua, 804; Texas, 751; Michigan, 736; Massachusetts, 727; and Kansas is pressing the three latter autl 
older States, with 715. In each of the 105 counties of Kansas there is a paper. We have in our State 49 dailies, 2 tri-weeklies, 4 semi-weeklies, 
619 weeklies, 4 semi-monthlies, 33 monthlies, 1 bi-monthly, and 3 quarterlies. Every phase of politics, religion, art, literature, science, agricul- 
ture, horticulture, stock-raising, sporting and fashion is represented. In ability and character these publications are fully up to the standard of 
other Western States. 

The growth and progress of the press of Kansas have from the first been more rapid than the settlement of the communities would really justify. 
The organization of a new county has always included the establishment of one or more political newspapers, regardless of the sparse population. 
The editor, in his first issue, and in every subsequent one, heralded the advantages of settling in a new county, and particularly poiiUed out the- 
certainty of the town from which his paper was issued becoming the county seat and the commercial center of a very large and productive area of 
the State. 

In the olden time the school-house and the church came slowly, after the pioneers had built their log houses and cleared the first acres of the 
future farm. After the community had become a thoroughly organized settlement, the school-house and the church paved the way for the news- 
paper. When, however, the railroad supplanted the old Conestoga wagon, and men seeking homes pushed beyond the timber lands into the gieat 
prairies of the West, the railroad and the printing-press changed the old order of things and prepared the way for the school-house and the church. 

Such has been the history of Kausas. The demand of the intelligent settlers, from Territorial days down to the present, has been tor plenty 
of reading-matter, as is fully proven by the heavy mail trains reaching our State. The peculiar difficulties surrounding the first settlement of Kan- 
sas attracted an earnest, aggressive, thinking population, which has stamped its intelligence and character upon the splendid State educational and 
charitable institutions. 

In the wonderful growth in population and wealth which has taken place in this great central State of the Union, with its 10,000 miles of rail- 
road, the press of Kansas has borne a conspicuous and influential part. 

In the future as in the past, the newspapers and periodicals of Kansas may be relied upon to assist in every good work that means material, 
spiritual or mental growth for the people of the State. At all times, under all circumstances, the press of Kansas is distinguished for its unwaver- 
ing loyalty to Kansas and her people. 



(3T) 



STATE CHARITABLE, CORRECTIONAL AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. 




BY HON. C. E. FAULKNER. SUPT. SOLDIEUS OKPH.VNS HOME. ATCHISON. 

The laws aud inslitulious of a coimtiy desigued to promote patiiotism, secure justice, diffuse intel- 
'ligence, and serve the iieeds of a common humanity, are the milestones which mark its progress upon the 
highway of civil government, and the evidences of its strength and perpetuity. 

In no part of the world has this progress been so rapid and satisfactory as in our own laud. The 
independent methods of State legislation characteristic of our government have developed a diversity of 
law and practice in State sociology unparalleled in the experience of other countries. In many matters 
the newer Slates have jirofited from the experience of their elder sisters, and the conferences tor study 
and comparison have proven valuable aids to improved methods of public policy. In this friendly rivalry 
Kansas has been true to the inspiration of her early history, when her soil was rescued from the grasp of 
selfishness and dedicated to the highest service of human need. The same public .spirit which fostered 
the establishment of her splendid educational system has yielded a prompt and patriotic support to the 
•enactment of laws and the founding of institutions designed for the education aud care of the unfortunate 
and the restraint and repression of wrong-doers. The institutions grouped under the title descriptions 

_ _ of this chapter are as follows : 

Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb. 
Institution for the Education of the Blind. 
Institution for the Education of Feeble-Minded Children. 
Soldiers' Orphans' Home, (for all dependent children.) 
State Soldiers' Home. 
Two Asylums for the Insane. 
Reform Sehool for Boys. 
Industrial School for Girls. 
State Industrial Reformatory, (for first felons.) 
State Penitentiary. 
These institutions are efficient instrumentalities for 
the accomplishment of the several purposes for which 
they were designed, and the cost to the lax-payers of Kansas for their su|>port piesents as low an aggregate ratio of expeiulilure as may be found 
jn any State from which -itaiistics arc reported. 




STATE SOLDIEUS" HOME, DODGE CITY. 



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The perceutages of pauperism, lunacy ami ciiiiie in Kansas bear favorable ediiiparisou willi Uiose of Slates of similar age, and are far less than 
those of tlie older States grouped in the same census division. Statistics of population show that less than twelve per cent, of the total inhabitants 
of the State are residents of cities having a population in excess of four thousand people, and this fact accounts for an exemption from many evils 

(39) 



riAir< BUIlDHNSa. 



C 



\-^ 



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V- 1] 







.* 



U^i 



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?-(: 







which arc tlie inevilable incidents of au excess of mliaii population. Professional tramps and criminals find little enconragemeut for lodgment in 
the smaller communities, and the interstate migratiou of the vicious and dependent classes common to the country at large imposes no unequal 
burden upon a State which offers but little in the nature of congenial harboring. The conditions in Kansas give promise of au increasing power 
to lessen the disasters of hiiiacy, pauperism, and crime. The eilucation of the past decade has brought from the school-rooms of the State an army 
of recruits loyal to the cause of goo<l government. 

The study of sociology forms a distinct department in the work of the State University, and press and platform are responsive to every proven' 

( 10) 




need of advaiicemeut in the amendment or addition of legislative policies. The public institutions of Kansas have been reasonably well slieltered 
from the disturbing interference of partj' and partisan politics. Such errors as have been committed have served as valuable object-lessons to 
stimulate a general desire to avoid their repetition. In every party there is a steady growth of opinion favorable to the divorcement of these ^ 
great trusts from liability to injury through the accidents of political change, and the degree of public confidence deserved and enjoyed] by the 
managing boards and ofBeials is not excelled in any other State in the Union. 

(41) 



ir 










,ri>TITUTF..Fo:.T„.5L;na KADjAi UTY. KAn>. 



PROFITABLE AGRICULTURE IN KANSAS. 



BT HON. THOS. M. POTTER, PRESIDENT KANSAS BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 




The fanners of Kansas represent not only the leading industry of the State, bnt an iniUistry repre- 
senting more capital, employing more labor, paying more taxes and producing more wealth than all the 
other industries of our State combined. Our lands are taxed upon a valuation of S175,075,3G5, while all 
■other property, including railroads, town lots, and personal property, was listed at S163,4.')it,75S, 

If two-thirds the live stock in the State belong to the farm, and we add their valuation to that of the 
land, we find the farmers of Kansas paying taxes on approximately $200,000,000 capital, or nearly two- 
thirds of the taxes of the State, While this vast sum of assessed valuation, if placed at its true value of 
«bout threefold, or $600,000,000, and divided by the 185,000 who are engaged in agriculture in our State, 
would indicate that every person who pursued the vocation of farming in Kansas was worth on an average 
$3,250. What other State or what other industry can show such an average accumulation of wealth as 
this for the whole number employed ? The crops on our farms last year were worth $77,663,664 ; cattle 
sold for slanghter, $40,691,074; poultry and eggs sold, $3,315,067; dairy products, $4,510,626; which, 
with all other products of the farm, make a grand total of $128,503,791, or $6 per acre for every acre 

under cultivation ; leaving us our farms and implements and about $75,000,000 worth of live stock with which to enter upon the work of the com- 
ing year. 

If we set aside to labor two-thirds of all these products as a fair compensation for the part it took in producing this grand aggregation of wealth, 
there will still be left as a net income on the $200,000,000 capital invested in the live stock and farms of our State the sum of $42,837,597, or over 
•31 (^ per cent. But admitting that the basis of taxation from which I have made up my deductions is very low, you readily perceive that we can 
raise this basis threefold and yet have over 7 per cent, net upon the capital invested in land and stock. It is my judgment, founded upon an experi- 
ence of over a quarter of a century upon the farm in Kansas, that the above estimate is below the average remuneration that awaits the application 
■of intelligent methods to our individual surroundings. 

Kansas is a great State, covering over seven degrees of longitude, with an elevation at Kansas City of 765 feet above sea-level, and a gradual 
increase of about seven feet to the mile to the westward, which gives the extreme western part of the State an altitude of 3,365 feet, and of course 
the same methods of culture, or the same kinds of crops, will not flourish equally well in both extremes of the State ; but there is no tract of land 
in all the 80,000 square miles of Kansas soil upon which an individual cannot gain a competence if he will adapt his methods of culture to the soil 
and climate of his locality. 

"Corn is king!" shouts the multitude, and in the presence of his mighty array of 200,000,000 bushels in Kansas last year we are tempted to 
join the throng and bow to his scepter, forgetting that in Kansas we have 30.000,000 acres covered wilih a variety of native grasses among the most 

(43) 



nulvitiou.s lliat giow anywhere, and, aeiiuetiiig the cost of produciug tlie eoru, as valuable to our State in the aggregate as all our corn. With the- 
limestone blue-stem, which covers nearly one-half of our State, my cattle have gained, on an average, three pounds per day on the grass alone, 
while the pasture was fresh and in good condition : a daily increase in weight which is scarcely obtained by any tame grass or other food ration of 

any kind, not excepting King Corn. The western part of the State, in 
addition to the blue-stem is covered with the nutritious buffalo and gramma 
grasses, which are good the year round, and on which all kinds of stock 
•will thrive with the aid of a little Kafir-coru, sorghum, or millet, all of 
which grow readily there, to feed the stock during the few winter storms. 
My principal occupation for the last twenty-live years has been graz- 
ing and feeding stock, in connection with farming, and 1 know of no place 
in the whole country where the business of stock-raising of all kinds and 
meat production can be carried on more safely, economically and profita- 
bly than in Kansas. Our cheap lands, our mild climate, our rich alluvial 
soil covered with a great variety of most uutritious'uative grasses, and all 
of which are adapted to the growth of some kinds of forage plants, give 
Kansas preeminent advantages in the stock business, avoiding the danger 
of loss for the lack of feed in the exclusively grazing districts of the great 
plains and mountains of the Northwest, or the expense necessarily con- 
nected with the high-priced land and feed of the East. While at our very 
doors we have the second largest stock market of the world, drawing its 
supplies from every State and Territory west of the Mississippi river. 
So great has been the demand for something to consume the vast accumulation of Kansas products, that often during the last year feeders have 
been worth more in Kansas City than in Chicago. This great market, together with the packing-houses of Topeka, Hutchinson, and Wichita, 
enables the Kansas farmer to realize as much for his fat stock on the average as the farmer of the Eastern States, while his product was raised and 
fattened on land ami feed that did not cost over one-half as much as did the Eastern farmer's. 

While Kansas has these unsurpassed market facilities on her eastern border, I noticed the other day that a ship drawing 21 feet of water went 
out of Galveston harbor loaded with 2.iO cars of Kansas corn, which indicates that our products are brought within 600 miles of cheap ocean trans- 
portation on the south. 

The commercial advantages of Kansas are fast becoming such as they would be if we should take tlie State and place one end on Lake Michi- 
gan and let the other extend across Indiana into Ohio ; and the value of our lands will soon reach the price of land in the above-mentioned locality. 
The average price of land in the United States is 819 per acre. In Indiana, $31 per acre; in Illinois, .S31.87 per acre; in Iowa, 822.92 per 
acre; in Ohio, $4.';. 97 per acre ; in Missouri, $13. .'i2 per acre — making an average of $29 per acre for the principal corn-producing States, while in 
Kansas it is only 38 per cent, of that amount, or about $11 per acre. 




WHEAT-FIELD. GIO ACKKS. .SOUTH OF GAHDEN CITY. FINNEY COUNTY'. 



When we compare the average products of tliese lauds, we find that for a series of years tlie average product of corn in the United States is 
25 bushels per acre, while Kansas is excelled by but few States in the Union in her average of 38 bushels per acre, and other crops in about the 
same proportion. Labor is as cheap here as elsewhere, and one man can farm more acres of ground in Kansas than in any country I was ever in. 

Thus in sunny Kansas, the golden granary of the world, the average cost of laud is less, the labor of production less, while the yield is among 
the greatest, and there is no better clime on earth for rearing the kinds of stock at the least expense. 

I am in love'with Kansas climate and the products of her soil not only, but with her people and lier institutions. I think it a great place to 
raise a family of children, as well as to rear a herd of colts and calves. The general intelligence and moral tone of the people are unexcelled any- 
where, while there is a vitality and push about the Kansas boy or girl which will brook no defeat, and presages victory before the conflict comes. 





FARM SCENK 



IN COUNTY. JUST A STARTER. 



FARM SCENE IN BARTON COUNTY. THE WAY WE START IN KANSAS. 



THE CATTLE INDUSTRY. 



BY HON. OKO. W. CLICK, EX-OOVEBNOR OP KANSAS. 




The man who seeks a home and wishes to engage in the cattle industry naturally looks for a 
place where the surroundings and conditions seem to afford the greatest promise of success. The 
salubrity of the climate that insures health, thrifty growth, and rapid maturity, and soil that pro- 
duces in the greatest abuudauce forage crops and nutritious and palatable grasses, short winters that 
reduce the time and expense of feeding dry provender and grain, with ample transportation facilities 
and a good market, are some of the essential, important and controlling considerations that enter the 
mind of the man who proposes entering into the cattle-raising and cattle-feeding industry for a liveli- 
hood or a lifetime vocation. Kansas presents in an eminent degree all these advantages that go to 
render the cattle industry both pleasant and profitable, if it is conducted with industry and discreet 
management. The climate of Kansas is salubrious, dry, and healthful. The soil is very fertile. 
The tame grasses are successfully grown in great abundance in the eastern half of the State. Timo- 
thy, the clovers, blue-grass and orchard-grass furnish an ideal pasture and hay; while in western 
Kansas the buffalo- and gramma-grass produce an abundance of nutritious pasture during most of the 
year, and the sorghums, Kalir and Jerusalem corn furnish nutritious fodder tor winter feeding of the 
stock cattle and cows. 

The winters of Kansas are short — very short, dry, and with but little snow, in comparison with the winters in the northern part of our country 
and Canada. This is very advantageous to those in the cattle business, as the stock can generally be turned on grass the first of April and remain 
till the winter holidays, leaving only about four months for the winter care of the cattle, thus saving long and expensive feeding on dry fodder and 
grain; and when the business is prudently, intelligently and industriously prosecuted, the stockman has his steers ready for the feed-lot by the 
time they are eighteen mouths old, when all the conditions change, the pasture giving place to the feed-lot and grain feed. 

The e.xtent of this industry is indicated by the fact that over two and a half millions of cattle are owned in Kansas, and the value of the cattle 
sold for slaughter annually amounts to over 835,280,273, while the products of the dairy swell the amount to over forty millions of dollars, with au 
annual increase in the amount of butter, cheese and milk put on the market and increased returns to those who study their business and use skilt 
in its management. These amounts are vast when we contemplate them in the aggregate ; but when we consider that this amount of money, 
$40,000,000, comes into Kansas annually as the direct result of this home industry that asks no tariff for its protection, it gives evidence of the 
industry, skill and business tact of the Kansas farmer, and proves that Kansas is the ideal home of the cattle-raiser and a land of plenty, comfort, 
and contentment, with the church and the school-house standing on our beautiful prairies as beacons of intelligence and Christianity. 

(46) 



I said that wlieii tlie steer was ready for tlie feed-lot all the (-onditions chauged, and a different industry is inaugurated, and the skill of the 
feeder is brought into requisition. The industry is changed in all its conditions. A new method of feeding is commenced, other conditions con- 
trol, and the vvacohfulness of the feeder is taxed daily; regularity of feeding and watering are prerequisites of successful results. The season of 
fattening on graiu is the critical period of the cattle-feeding industry, and it requires great skill and tact in feeding in the dry lot (or stall feeding, 
as it is called in the East), for it is the intelligent care exerci.sed at this time that measures tlie profit or loss on the work in hand. 

The Kansas cattleman is fertile in resources and full of expedients, as the forty millions of dollars received by the cattle-raisers and feeders for 
their product attest that they are skillful as raisers and expert feeders for the market, as well as successful dairymen. 

Grain-feeding of cattle for the market and for slaughter is preennnently a Kansas industry. This is made possible and profitable by the im- 
mense crops of corn produced in this .State. Corn in Kansas is King. It is the grain used with the most profit in stall feeding and finishing of the 
cattle for the block. It is inexpensive ; it is a home product. It does not (like wheat ) require a great outlay of money to raise, and it need not be 
harvested in a hurry, at a fixed season, but at the convenience of tlie farmer; it is fed out ground or in the ear, with or without husking, or in the 
fodder, in such way as best suits the convenience or methods of the feeder. 

The east half of Kansas is the corn-producing part of the State, although in some seasons corn is a most excellent crop in the western half, but 
not as reliably so as in the eastern part. Our soil and climate are admirably adapted to corn-raising, and the Kansas farmer makes good use of his 
opportunities in this line of agriculture, raising more corn that he may feed more cattle and more hogs. 

The crop of Kansas for 1895 was over two hundred millions of bushels, and worth over $46,000,000, and by the report of Secretary Coburn of 
the Kansas Board of Agriculture, the crop for the past twenty-jfive years has been worth an average of over 831,000,000 annually. Such crops 
make Kansas the feeding-grounds for the cattleman and the farmer (for almost all our farmers are cattle- and hog-feeders), and thus we consume 
the corn raised on the farm in making beef and pork to supply the markets and feed the millions who want good beef and palatable bacon and hams. 

But this great corn crop is not used only in feeding beef cattle for the slaughter. Kansas adds to her 835,000,000 worth of cattle sold for 
slaughter for human food, near 815,000.000 worth of hogs also slaughtered for human foods. With all this, Kansas farmers have other resources 
for a livelihood, but the cattle industry and the hog industry necessarily constitute important factors. The field of this expanding industry is not 
yet occupied. Not over 8,500,000 of our 51. -'00. 000 acres were useU in producing the more than 200.000,000 bushels of corn in 1895. 

The prairies nor the pastures are yet crowded with cattle, but their numbers can be increased tenfold and there will be no over-stocking; the 
enterprise of the Kansas farmer will be equal to the emergency, and later if it requires a billion bu.shels of corn to meet the home demand, it can all 
be found at the proper time in the cribs on the farms of Kansas, while the fat. lusty bullocks and the Kansas porkers will add interest to the buyer 
and the visitor at the stock-yards, and supply the best of beef and pork to the consumer. 

But where is the market for all this vast output? I answer, Kansas City, Kansas, is the second foremost market in the world for cattle, hogs, 

and sheep. It is near at hand; it is well managed, and fair treatment is accorded to all. The magnitude of the operations carried on in this 

Kansas mart is .suggested by the fact that in 1895 there were received and converted into cash 1,689,052 cattle ; 2,457,697 hogs ; 864,713 sheep ; 

and 52,607 horses and mules; or a total of 103, 3HS car-loads, worth more than $93,000,000. At this same Kansas market there are likewise the 

greatest packing-houses in the world, where all offerings are taken, and where the capacity of the establishments is being constantly enlarged to 

meet the demands of ever-increasing suiiply. 

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CATTLE-FEEDING STATION, OWNED BY THE ALFALFA IRRIGATION AND LAND CO. 



KANSAS CLIMATE. 



BY HON. T. A. M'NEAL, EDITOR TOPEKA MAIL AND BKEEZE. 




As MY imdei-staiuliug of the purpose of this book is that it will indulge only in statements that can 
be verified by actual experience, it shalfbe my aim in treating on the climate of Kansas, to be guarded 
in my utterances and conservative in my estimate of the benefits to be derived therefrom. 

That the climate of Kansas, especially in the western half of the Stale, is especially salubrious is 
generally conceded, but that the region embraced within the boundaries indicated is to lie the future 
sanitarium of the world, to which will be attracted the maimed, the blind, the halt, and those afflicted 
with all manner of diseases, may not yet be generally understood. That such is the case, however, will 
become evident on careful consideration and patient investigation. Medical science has pretty thoroughly 
demonstrated that diseases are due to the presence of microbes which flourish and grow fat under 
miasmatic conditions, but become discouraged and feeble and eventually die when exposed to an atmos- 
phere charged with sufficient abundance of pure oxygen. In western Kansas the microbe is of few days 
and full of trouble. It may go into the country full of youth and vigor, but in a short time becomes 
emaciated, loses its appetite, and is hurried to an untimely and dishonored grave. 

When a man arrives from the miasmatic districts of the East his system is more full of microbes than the neglected dog is of fleas. He is over- 
come with lassitude. His liver is on a strike. His gall receptacle has overflowed, mingled its contents with the currents of his blood, and changed 
his complexion to saffron. He is listless, despondent, and without appetite. He does not feel equal to any exertion, and takes a chill for involun- 
tary exercise. The beneficial effect of the Kansas climate on that man in marked and imm ediate. In a month his complexion has cleared. His 
internal economy is in full working order. His appetite becomes a thing of wonder. Jack-rabbit steak is more gratifying than the choicest viands 
of Delmonico, and bacon gravy as relishing as the nectar of the gods. Restless nights are things of the past. He sleeps like a policeman, and 
wakes to find life a poem of new health and joy. 

Disease becomes a recollection and death a question of individual choice as to time and manner. In one Kansas county only two deaths have 
occurred during the past year. These parties were personal friends of the only undertaker in the county, and did not want to see him entirely 
ruined for want of business. 

The peculiar strength and vitalizing character of the climate is as noticeable in its effect on animals as on human beings. During the winter 
months in southwest Kansas, when the range was exhausted by over-feeding, the writer has known cattle to live six weeks on climate and cold 
water, and at the expiration of that time furnish tenderloin beef and rib roasts for the boarding-houses in that section. 

The wonderful purity of the atmosphere is also shown in the fact that in western Kan sas meat will keep fresh for weeks without salt or other 



(49) 



preservative. As the meat is eateu witliiii that tune it is iinpossiljle to nil just how long a perlofl would elapse before decay and decomposition 
would set iu. 1 understand that some time ago the hiudiiuarler of a mastodon was fonnd in one of tlie southwestern counties in a fair state of 
preservation and freshness. The mastodon in question had iuoljal)i\' been dead a thousand years when Adam was still wearing his first pair of 
fig-leaf pants. 

The perfection of Kansas climate tends to superior mental and physical development, \vhioh will be more and more marked as generation 
sncceeds generation. The coming Kansas boys will be physical giants and mental Webslers, while the girls will be paragons of beauty and 
endowed with the keen wit of Aspasia. 

In such a eliniate as we have previously suggested, longevity will become universal and death tlie result of accidents or voluntary sacrifice for 
the purpose of assisting struggling cemetery associations. 




THE BEESu 



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KANSAS BANKS. 

BY UOK. J. w. BREIDBNTHAL, STATE BANK COMMISSIONER. 



n^ 




While strong, heallhy aud prosperous banks do not always indicate a corresponding degree of pros- 
perity generally, yet, on the other hand, weak banking institutions in which the people have lost confi- 
dence have a more demoralizing effect upon the growth, prosperity and business of a community or State 
thus afflicted than all else combined, and usually reflect the general condition of such community. Banks 
having become the clearing-houses for at least ninety per cent, of our business, it is essential that they 
sliould enjoy the confidence of the people to the fullest possible extent, to the end that the business ex- 
<'.hanges may be etTected with dispatch, and without the fear of loss so common where unsound banks 
exist and are intrnsted with the care of the money and the effecting of the exchanges of the commnnity. 

In this respect Kansas is indeed fortimate. and the people may well he proud of the magnificent 
showing of strength made by her banks. At the date of every statement made to the National and State 
departments of banking since the great panic of 1893, our bsvnks have made an improved showing of 
strength. On February 38th the national banks doing business in the State numbered one hundred and 
sixteen. These banks had an aggregate capital and surplus of $11,075,500, and held deposits of $10,914,- 
666. The average reserve held was 33.59 per cent. Their loans and discounts amounted to $18,605,673.' Government bonds, including premiums 
^ t, 057, 138. ' 

On the same date there were 387 State aud 117 private banks transacting a general banking business in the State under the supervision of the 
State Bank Commissioner. These banks had an aggregate capital and surplus of $8,465,000, and held deposits to the amount of $15,533 033 The 
average reserve held was 37.98 per cent. Their loans and discounts amounted to $17,873,105. 

During the last five years our banks, like all other business enterprises, have met with heavy losses as a result of the reaction from the inflation 
of values during the so-called "boom" period preceding 1890 : but these losses, together with bad debts, have been charged off from time to time 
to "surplus" aud profit account, until, by passing dividends, the directors of a large majority of our banks have placed their institutions on a solid 
basis, with their capital unimpaired. While the panic of 1893 forced many of our bauks to close, as a rule they were small institutions, and the 
deposits involved limited. The aggregate loss to depositors, barring a half-dozen institutions that were wrecked by their officers, will be very small 
indeed when compared with the amount of business transacted by our banks. In this respect, Kansas will compare favorablj' with any State in 
the Union, and particularly with States similarly situated. 

While almost every portion of the State is fairly well supplied with banking capital, there are some localities where additional capital can be- 
invested in banking with assurance of profitable returns. 

(51) 



Topeka, our capital citj-, is very forUiuale in being provitletl witli ample banking facilities. Her banks are models of strength, and are man- 
aged by conservative men well versed in the business. Kansas City, Kansas, Leavenworth and Atchison, as well as other leading cities, are also 
well supplied with ample bank capital. 

In addition to our banks we have a goodly number of successful building and loan associations, which afford a means for the profitable iuvest- 
veslment of small sums, and also provide means whereby their UKunljership can become the owners of homes. 





THE PRINCIPAL BUSINESS STREET OF TOPEKA, CAPITALICITY. 

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KANSAS GRAIN AND HILLS. 



BY HON, C. B. HOFFMAN. 



Ever since man began his conscious career as the conqueior of eaith, wheat bread has been his "staff 
of life." Eaten raw and uncrushed, boiled, parched, or balied, it has furnished the most wholesome muscle- 
and nerve-building food. Wheat contains in compact concentration and in proper proportions all the ele- 
ments necessary to human life. It is nature's perfect food. 

Countries adapted to wheat culture produce the most vigorous and progressive people ; not only because 
wheat feeds them, but because the same climatic conditions which favor the sun-kissed grain are conducive 
to the highest development of man. A dry, breezy, sunny climate, free from fog and malaria, and a rich, 
porous soil, devoid of sog and swamp, are the natural home of the golden grain as well as of a brave, free, 
sometimes boisterous, but always progressive people. Science, art, poetry and fiction unite in the praise of 
wheat, and when Kansas comes to the front with enormous crops of wheat it is an inde.x of the inherent 
power of Kansas climate, soil, and people. 

Think of it! Kansas in 1892 produced a hundred million bushels* of wheat. This was phenomenal ; still, 

the average for tlie past ten years is in round numbers sixty million bushels, or over one-ninth of the entire 

production of the United States for the same period. And yet only about one-twelfth of our prairies is in 

■wheat. Kansas can easily quadruple her present average wheat crop, can put upon the markets of the world annually two hundred and fifty million 

ibnshels of wheat, equaling one-half of a present average crop of the United States, and then have two-thirds of her land left for other crops. 

Corn (maize) is the other cereal that makes Kansas great. Her rich valleys — bottom lands, in Western vernacular — along the Kaw, the Smoky 
llill, the Neosho, and the broad, winding Arkansas, are peculiarly well adapted for corn, both white and yellow. 

Kansas produced in 1895 three hundred and fifty million bushels of corn — one-sixth of the entire crop of the Republic. 

Think of the possibilities of Kansas when farming shall have become a science and her fertile valleys and rolling hills shall be devoted to wheat 
and corn, where now the less profitable native grasses grow. 

Having grown our grain, we are now ready to grind it. It is not generally known that the reduction of wheat and corn to flour and meal and 
the various products that come from these cereals is an industry the second largest in the United States. In 1890 theie were over 18,000 flour 
mills in the United States, and the output of these was worth in dollars, $513,000,000, exceeded only by the slaughtering and meat-packing estab- 
lishments, the products of which amounted to |!564, 000,000; While the foundries and machine shops produced $413,000,000, the iron and steel fur- 
naces 8430,000,000, lumber from logs $403,000,000, and printing and publishing $375,000,000 ; the rest of the industries falling hundreds of millions 
below them in value of output. 



*The ofticial figures made the crop of 1892 
of 100,000,000 bushels. 



82.000,000 bushels of wheat, but the amount delivered by farmers to buyers and used for food and seed justifies the estimate 

(.53) 




'I 



Milling, 1861. 
Old Water Whei-1. 



.^^0^ 




Our State ranks tenth among the United States in the uiagnitiule of its milling, and contained in 1805, 385 mills, employing 3,349 men. 'Ihe 
output of these as given by the United States census of 1890, when there were only 348 mills, amounted to $17,500,000. The following States ex- 
ceed this output: Minnesota. 307 mills, employs 4,038 men; value of output, 860,150,000. Missouri, 710 mills, 
employs 3,855 men ; value of output, $34,400,000. Illinois, (147 mills, employs 4,385 meu ; value of output, $37,- 
900,000. Indiana, 733 mills, employs 3,640 men ; value of output. 831,100,000. Pennsylvania, 3.236 mills; value 
of output, $30,400,000. New York, 1,335 mills ; value of output, $53,000,000. Ohio, 910 mills ; value of output, 
.1539.468,000. Michigan, 544 mills; value of output, $33. 500.- 
000. Wisconsin, 407 mills; value of output, $34,300,000. 

In amount of capital invested and value of output, milling 
exceeds all other industries in Kansas. In fact, it represents 
over 15 per cent, of all industries combined, and is capable 
of indefinite extension. 

Kansas is peculiarly well adapted tor milling. This is due 
to the superiority of its hard wheats and the condition of our 
climate, which rau.ses the flour to stand transportation across the ocean and gives it great keep- 
ing qualities, especially desirable in warm and damp climates such as prevail along the Gulf of 
Mexico and Central America as well as Europe. Kansas hard-wheat flours have within the 
past ten years attained the foremost rank in quality in the Eastern and European markets. 
They command the highest price in Belgium, Holland, England, and France, and are sought 
after in large Eastern cities such as Boston and New York. They are peculiarly well adapted 
for bread-making, being rich in gluten and other nutritive elements, and keep the moisture in 
bread better than those made of spring wheat or of the soft winter varieties. 

The most vigorous competitors of the Kansas mills in the home as well as the foreign mar- 
kets are the Minnesota mills, which draw their supplies from the great wheat-fields of the two Dakotas and Minnesota. These States produce what 
is known as the northern or hard spring wheat, which makes a good, nutritious fiour; however, not possessing as fine a flavor or being as easily 
worked in the dough as those of the hard winter-wheat varieties. Minnesota possesses other advantages over Kansas. Its mills are centered at 
Minneapolis and Duluth, and have easy access to the lakes, which afford them cheap transportation to the Eastern and European markets. Hence 
the Kansas wheat-raiser and miller are peculiarly interested in cheapening the methods of transportation from the interior to the seaboard. This 
will come by the ever-reduced cost of transportation which gradually but surely moves us closer to the world's markets, and by opening the nearer 
deep-water ports on the Gulf of Mexico. Only within the past few years have we awakened to the fact that Kansas lies closer to tide-water than 
Dakota, Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, or even Indiana; and when once the people grasp this fact, our flour, grain, beef and pork will find the great 
Buropean markets and the South-American markets via our natural highway, the Gulf, whose deep waters come within 700 miles of our boundary. 



"^ 



As SHOWN IN 1896, Enterprise, Kansas. 



(-54) 



QUIVERA— KANSAS. 1542-1892. 



BY HON. EUGENE F. WARE. 



In that lialf-foigotteii era. 
With the avarice of old. 
Seeking cities he was told 
Had been paved with yellow gold. 

In the kingdom of Qnivera — 

Came the restless Coronado 

To the open Kansas plain. 

With his kiiiglits from sunny Spain; 

In an effort that, though vain, 
Thrilled with boldness and bravado. 

League by league, in aimless marching, 
Knowing scarcely where or why. 
Crossed they uplands drear and dry. 
That an unprotected sky 

Had for centuries been parching. 

But their expectations, eager. 

Found, instead of fruitful lands, 
Shallow streams and shifting sands. 
Where the buffalo in bands 

Roamed o'er deserts dry and meager. 




Never land so hunger-stricken 

Could a Latin race re-mold ; 

They could conquer heat or cold — 

Die for glory or for gold — 
But not make a desert quicken. 

Thus Quivera was forsaken ; 

And the world forgot the place 
Through the lapse of time and space. 
Then the blue-eyed Saxon race 

Came and bade the desert waken. 

And it bade the climate vary ; 
And awaiting no reply 
From the elements on high, 
It with plows besieged the sky — 

Vexed the heavens with the prairie. 

Then the vitreous sky relented, 

And the unacquainted rain 

Fell upon the thirsty plain. 

Whence had gone the knights of Spain, 
Disappointed, discontented. 



Back to scenes more trite, yet tragic. 

Marched the knights with armour'd steeds; 
Not for them the quiet deeds ; 
Not for them to sow the seeds 

From which empires grow like magic. 



Sturdy are the Saxon faces, 
As they move along in line; 
Bright the rolling-culters shine,. 
Charging up the State's incline, 

As an army storms a glacis. 



(So) 



Into loam the sand is melted. 

And the l)lue-grass takes the loam. 
Round about the prairie home ; 
And the locomotives voam 

Over landscapes iron-belted. 

Cities grow where stunted birches 
Hugged the shallow water-line: 
And the deep'ning rivers twine 
Past the factory and mine, 

Orchard slopes and schools and churches. 



Deeper grows the soil and truer, 
More and more the prairie teems 
With a fruitage as of dreams ; 
Clearer, deeper, flow the streams. 

Blander grows the sky and bluer. 

We have made the .State of Kansas, 
And to-day she stands complete - 
First in freedom, tirst in wheat ; 
And her future years will meet 

Ripened hopes and richer stanzas. 



A FOURTH OF JULY POEM. 



He who has lived in Kansas, though he roam. 
Can find no other si)Ot and call it ••Home." 
As lugalls says, a Kansas man may stray — 
May leave — perchance depart, or go away — 
In short, may roam — but, be it anywhere. 
He must return, if he can raise the fare. 

Ou July Fourth we always float the flag. 
And push tlie old bald eagle from the crag — 
Fly him the length and breadth of this fair land, 
From the Penobscot to the Rio Giande ; 
Then without rest we (luickly start him ou 



A tri]) from Florida to Oregon : 

Then bring him liack and boost him to the sky. 

And let him slay there till the next July. 

Oh grand old bird 1 O'er many a weary mile 

They've made you sail in oraloric style. 

While fledgeling speakers, in refulgent prose. 

Capped many a gorgeous climax as you rose. 

To-day our choicest colors are unfurled ; 

Soar up, proud bird, and circle round the world. 

And we predict that nowhere will you find 

A place like Kansas that you left behind. 

— Eugene F. M'are. 



THE CHURCHES OF KANSAS. 



BY BEV. A. S. EUBBEE. D. D. 





Religion is represeuted in tlie State of Kausas by four thousand oue liuiidred and fourteen or- 
ganizations, the communicants representing about one-fourth of tlie entire population. 

The organizations are distributed among twenty-seven different denominations. One is Svveden- 
borgian. four are Hebrew, four Unitarian, six Universallst, and nine Spiritualist, with an aggregate 
membership of about seventeen hundred. The remainder are evangelical bodies, some of which 
antedate the admission of the State to the Union by more than a score of years. 

From the best information obtainable the total value of church 
property, not including investments in schools of high grade, col- 
leges, hospitals, orphans' homes and other benevolent institutions, 
is eight million six hundred and seventy-nine thousand six hundred 
and eight dollars. Average cost of church buildings, three thousand 
two hundred and twenty-three dollars. Estimated seating capacity, 
seven hundred and sixty-eight thousand. 
Of the larger denominations, the 

C'ougregationalists have 12, .597 members, and property valued at S531,900 
Presbyterians have 24.93.5 members, and property valued at 1,900,700 

Baptists have 27,604 members, and property valued at 799,899 

Lutherans have 28,1.'!.5 members, and property valued at 624,660 

Christians have 34,737 members, and property valued at 498,401 

Roman Catholics have 72,051 members, ami property valued at 1,309,950 
Methodist Epi.scopalians. 101,600 members, and property valued at 2,322,890 
Of the Sunday School forces, a conservative estimate gives the number of officers and teachers at twenty-five 
thousand, with three hundred thousand scholars of all ages. In this connection, the largest Chautauqua outside of 
that lield in the State of New York, after which it is modeled, is the one at Ottawa, which years since became a per- 
manent institution, and to which thousands of people go ainnially for instruction in the "Word" and better methods of teaching Christian truth. 

Those organizations which were earliest on the field have been identified, necessarily and nauually, with all the history of the State, sharing 
its vicissitudes of fortune, growth, and general progress. 

Many per.sons yet survive who not only took prominent place in the planting of the early churclies, but also in the struggle to maintain Kansas 

(57) 



FIRST M. E. tllUUtll. TOl'EKA. 



soil in the luiine of freeiloin. They, wilh those wlio eame in the later yeiirs, have been none the less active in securing the abolition of the saloon, 
perfecting the common-school system, organizing and maintaining other helpful agencies, and in various ways laying broad and deep foundations 
In the interest of public welfare. 

Whatever mistakes Kansans have made, her voice bears no uncertain sound with reference to the Christian religion. Every settlement has its 
"meeting-house" — either a church, a school-house, or a private dwelling thrown open after the manner of the fathers, for the public proclamation 
of the truth and worship of God; and the people of the churches, with the fewest possible exceptions, are second to none in the purpose to advance 
our common humanity, in fealty to principles of honest dealing, and the determination to build up a State worthy a place in the Union of great 
Conimonwp;\lth<. 





HATOK C. A. TXLLOVS, TOFSKA. 



A MODEL STREET [N A WESTERN CITY — HUTCHINSON, KA8. 

(58) 




THE COLLEGE OF THE SISTERS OF BETHANY, 



BY RT. KBV. BISHOP F. R. MILLSPAUOH. BISHOP OF IvAXSAS. 



"The College of the Sisters of Bethany '" is one of the oldest edncatioiial institutions in the- 
State of Kansas. It is in fact older than the State itself. Its charter was granted by the Territorial 
Legislature. The original name was "The Episcopal Female Seminary of Topeka."' In 1873 the 
present name was adopted, and a new charter received. The name does not refer to any order of 
sisters, (there is none such in the school,) but to the scriptural model and example of the two sisters 
of Bethany, Mary and Martha. 

The location ot the College buildings is one of the most beautiful in the city of Topeka. It 
consists of twenty acres in the heart of the city, three blocks distance from the State House. This 
large campus is ornamented by a great variety of forest trees, handsome evergreens and shrubs and 
luxuriant vines. 

The buildings are: Wolfe Hall, at a cost of $70,000; Holmes Hall, S18,000; '-The Cottage," 
now occupied by the President of the 



College, $4,500; Burr addition, $15,- 
000; and laundry and barn, $10,000. 
To these have been added since 1887, 
boiler-house and steam fixtures, ele- 
vator and electric motor, stone tower and complete and thorough sewerage, all at 
a cost of $3'J,0OU : making the total cost of improvements fully 1156,500. 

The course of study consists of thorough instruction, by a corps of sixteen 
specialists, in the English Language and Literature, in Latin and Greek, in French 
and German, in Mathematics and The Sciences. Special attention is given to Music, 
Art, and Elocution. No school in the West gives a more extensive and thorough 
course in these departments. There is also a well-equipped laboratory, where the 
pupils learn, by actual practice, the use of apparatus and re-agents. 

The College is a home school for girls, under the auspices of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church. The Bishop of the Diocese is its President. There has been 
kept in view the single purpose of developing Christian womanhood. To this end 
such teachers and officers are selected as will impress the children with the beauty 

(.=.9) 







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^ B_^^^^Hftli-^'ii^i' ■ "■ 




■HHHh^ 



COLLEGE OF THE SISTERS OF BETHANY. 



:an<l completeness of a Christian life. Care is taken, by precept and example, to instill the uudeflued but essential graces of politeness and decorum. 
In the dining-room the family idea is carried out as far as possible. Teachers and pupils meet at small tables served with refinement and taste. 

and conversation and social feeling are encouraged. 

The school has been in continuous operation for thirty-five years; it has helped to mould the char- 
acter of more than 4,000 pupils, and many of these are now sending their daughters to their owu Alma 
Mater for training. 

The average enrollment, including boarders and day scholars, has for years exceeded 300. 
This is the only Protestant college in the State e.xclusively for gii-ls. Its terms are much lower than 
are those of similar schools in the East, and, with all its comforts, conveniences and home-like care, it 
^ ^|H charges but little more than the mixed schools of the State. 

S^^^k With its beauty of position in the chief city of the State, spacious grounds and substantial buildings, 

^ '^l^^f superior teachers and complete course of study, "The College of the Sisters of Bethany " is an institution 

of which not only the Episcopalians, but all the people of Kansas, may well be proud. 




ST, JOHN'S MILITARY SCHOOL. 

Under the same auspices there was founded about ten years ago a military training-school for boys. 
This is known as '• St. John's School," and is located at Salina. The grounds contain about fifty acres. 
.or.. II. 1). LEE, vicE-riiEsiDEST ST. JOHN'S The buildings consist of a brick and stone hall of four stories, erected at a cost of S.'iO.oOO, a gymnasium, 
MILITARY SCHOOL, SALINA, KANSAS. j,,^^( ^ ^ead-master's cottagc. 

St. John's has already gained the rank of a first-class, thorough educational institution of the higher 
grade. It is a military school in its discipline and government, and is the only one of its class and kind in this State. It has a United States 
Army officer as military instructor, a head-master, and seven assistant masters. 

There is a Cla.ssical, a Latin-English or Scientific, and an English-Commercial Course, Music, Art, and Elocution are also taught. 

From 6:30 in the morning till 9:30 at night the hours are marked by bugle-call, and the cadet comes under the eye of Head-Master. Command- 
ant, or Professor. 

In St. John's Military School the citizens of Kansas find for their boys equal advantages at a lower price than in any scliool outside of the State. 



(fO) 








* m » 

f 




ST. JOHN'S MILITARY SCHOOL, SALINA. 

(61) 



DENOniNATlONAL COLLEGES. 




BY KEY. liKANVILLE I.OWTHER, D. D. 



Onk of the iiiiporlaiu features of tlie State of Kansas is her deuomi national colleges. These schools are 
not sectarian iu the strict sense of that term. They probably have in most cases a denominational bias, 
in so far as it concerns the intiiience of association, but the teaching is generally of an undenominational 
w character. In these schools, more than in the iiudenoniinatioual schools, is religion given prominence as 

/ ^^^^ compared with mere intellectual training. Someliines they become centers of great spiritual as well as 

i/ ^^^^^^^ educational power, and great revivals in which hundreds are converted are among their fruits. All learu- 
.^^^^^^^^ iui-' i>»fl literature are studied in these schools, with God as the center and source of all being. The fol- 
^^^^^^^^K; lowing are the .schools about which we have information : 
^^^^^^^^mj/ Bakeu University, Baldwin, was organized in 18.58. It is 

^^^^HHJI^^' under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal church ; has 23 in- 
KjiKKI^^^^ stnictors, ,500 students enrolled, 5,000 volumes in the library, and 

has sent out 413 graduates. The earliest graduates are Rosanna 
Baldwin,- Canton, N. T., and .Jidia 1). Sheldon, Tojieka, Kas. Lemuel H. Murlin, A.M., is President. 
Bktiiany Collegb, Lindsborg, is controlled by the Lutheran Church. Rev. C. A. Swenson, 
I'll. D., is President. The College has :i.') instructors, 444 students enrolled, and 4,000 volumes iu the 
library. The school was organized in 1881, and since that time has graduated 195 students, the first of 
whom was Rev. Eric Glad, in 1891, who now lives at Stockholm, in Kansas. 

Central College, Enterprise, belongs to the United Brethren Church. It was organized in 1891, 
has 10 instructors, 170 students enrolled, and 1,000 volumes in the library. J. A. Weller, D.D., Ph.D., is 
President. The school, though in its beginnings, has an income from all sources of .$32,000. bakek univermitt, BALDwnr. 

College of Empouia, organized iu 1883, at Emporia, is under the management of the Presbyterian Church. Rev. J. D. Hewitt, D.D., is 
President. There are 13 instructors, 130 students enrolled, and 4,000 volumes in thejibrary. The first graduate was sent forth in 1889, in'the 
jierson of Harry L. Hibbard, M. D., now of New York City, N. Y. 

Highland University, Higliland, is also a Presbyterian school. Rev. William Boyle, A. B., is President. This school was organized in 
1870, and has 7 professors, 75 students, and 5,000 volumes in the library. It has an income from all .sources of 83,700 annually. 

Kansas Wesleyan, Salina, was established in 188(i, under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Rev. E. W. Mueller is President. 
There are 19 instructors, 305 students enrolled, and 5,300 volumes in the library. Since its organization it has sent out 31 graduates, of whom Rev! 
H. M. Mayo, who graduated in 1887 and now lives at Rocky Ford, Colorado, is the earliest. 

(62) 




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iMirii.AND Coi.i.KOE. Atchison, is imtler the 
auspices of the Evangelical Lutheran Church ; 
Kev. JacoL) Clutz, U. D., President. It has 12 
instruetdrs, 1:.'(J students, and .'3, 000 voUimes 
in the lil,)rary. Since its organization, in 1887, 
it has graduated 33 students. Leroy H. Kel- 
sey, now of St. Joseph, Mo., was the lirst 
graduate, in 1891. 

Ottawa Univj;hsity, Ottawa, was organ- 
ized in ISGO.and belongs to the Baptist Church. 
K. W. Colgrove, Ph. D., is President. 'J'he 
school has 15 instructors. 403 .students enrolled, 
and 3,000 volumes in the lihrary. It has sent college of empobia. 

forth 83 graduates, of whom the earliest living are Alice Bloomer, of Hiawatha, Kas. , and 
Jennie Sherman, who went as a missionary to India, and who graduated in 1888. 

Southwest Kansas Com.ege was established at Winfield, in 1886, under the 
auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Chester A. Place, A. M., B. D., is Presi- 
dent. The school has 130 students In attendance, and 3,000 volumes in the library. 
Eighty-five students have been graduated, the first being Oliver Stubblefield, now of Par- 
tridge, Oklahoma Territory. 









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KANSAS. WEBLKTAN. 8ALINA. 



OTTAWA UNIVERSITY, OTTAWA. 

((53) 



BETHEL COLLEGE, NEWTON. 




iiiiiiiii 



mm 11 








8T. UAKTS COLLEGE, ST. MAUYS. 



FAIRMOUNT COLLEGE, WICHITA. 



LEWIS ACADEMY, WICHITA. 



St. Benedict'.s College, Atchison, was fouuded by the Roman Catholic Church, in 18.')8 
has 34 instructors, 170 students, and 12,000 volumes in the library. 

St. Maky's College, St. Marys, was organized in 1869. Rev. E. A. Higgins, S. J., is President. The 
institution has 33 instructors, 207 students, and 15,000 volumes in the library. It has graduated 172 students. 
Rev. Richard Dunne, now of Oak Park, 111., was the first graduate, in 1882. 

Washburn College, Topeka, under the management of the Congregational Church, was founded in 1865. It 

has 14 instructors, 200 .students, and li.OOO volumes in the library. Peter 
McVicar, D.D., M. A., is President. It has graduated ISOpersons. The 
earliest graduate was Rev. P. M. Griffin, uow of Brockton, Mass., in 1869. 
FAIRMOUNT College, Wichita, has 7 instructors, who labor under 
the direction of the Congregational Church. Under the management of 
Nathan J. Morrison, D. D., LL. D., it will doubtless take its place 
among the educational forces of the West. 

Lewis Academy, Wichita, belongs to the Presbyterian Church. 
We understand it is successfully managed, and promises to rank high 
as an educational center. 

McPiiKusox College, McPherson, is under the control of the 
Dunkard Church. It has become one of the important institutions of 
learning for that church, and is said to be in a prosperous condition. 

(61) 



Rt. Rev. I. Wolfe, D. D., is President. The school 




COOPER UEUORIAL COLLEGE, STERLING. 







SOCTUWEST KANSAS COLLEGE^ 
WINFIKLD. 



St. John's Lutheran College, Winfield, is one of the youngest schools of that church, and of the Stale. It starts out under favorable con- 
ditions. 

CooPEK Memorial College, located at Sterling, is under the auspices of the United Presbyterian Church. This is one of the strong centers 
of education, has a splendid faculty and good attendance. 

SouLE College, Dodge City, originally under the control of the Presbyterian Church, has been deeded to the local Trustees of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church at Dodge City. Rev. E. H. Vaughn, Ph. D., is President. 

Bethel College, Newton, is owned and controlled by the MennouiteChurch. It is reported to be the only school of its kind iu the State. 
It is free from debt, and therefore on a safe financial basis. 




90ULE COLLEGE, DODGE CITY. 



(66) 



KANSAS HOMES AND KANSAS HOiVlE=MAKERS. 



P.V Mll>. ISABEL WOBRELLBAI.I.. 




■■ Of all the States, but three will live in story : 
Old Massachusetts with her Plymouth Rock, 
And old Virginia with her noble stock, 
And sunny Kansas with her woes and glory ; 
These three will live in song and oratory. 

While all the others, with their idle claims. 
Will only b^ remembered as mere narace." 

TuEUE is a law of fompeusation which runs through the lives of States as through the lives of men, 
aud Kansas, child of woe. daughter of war, mother of Liberty, emblem of Progress, and type of Eternity 
in her everlasting fixity of purpose, has her meed of compensation In her mothers and their posterity — a 
posterity whose devotion is unparalleled, and whose development, due to the stern vicissitude* of pioneer 
perils, has startled a continent. 

The virtues of the Kansas pioneer home have never furnished taking theme* for song or story, because 
it is not easy to grow seutimental over sod houses or dug-outs, or to romance over slab shacks, that were 
windowless lest the prowling savage seek their vantage, and floorless for lack of means ; the log cabin of Kansas had never about it the elements 
that render its prototype in the South picturesque, but the family altar was as cherished there as though between marble walls, and, be it sod or 
shack, log or statelier "imported" frame, the lessons of self-abnegation and self-denial, deprivation, and courage In the face of hourly danger, 
learned by the women who, side by side with their husbands, conquered the wilderness and made its glorious largesse theirs, have been as lasting 
as the eternal hills, and their rock-ribbed principles of right and justice have descended as a rich heritage to their children. 

The Kansas pioneer home was typical of Kansas, or possibly they were typical of each other; be that as it may, it is yet true that the home- 
jnakers of Kansas have always been of a superior order, and to her homes and home-makers the Sunflower State owes her elements of greatness. 
Kansas is essentially a child of the storm, and every breath that her pioneer children drew was laden with the ozone of freedom, equality before 
the law, justice to the down-trodden, aud loyalty to God and country. They went hungry that those hungrier might be fed. They bore ou their 
young shoulders all the burdens that weighted those of their parents who came to Kansas to make it the home of the free, and they learned in the 
hard school of adversity what it meant and how much it cost to make and keep a State free. 

The men and women who came to Kansas when she was in the throes of her struggle for freedom from slave power came not as meu and 
women sought asylum in other States, for the sake of gettiug land ami acquiring wealth, but to make Kansas a State of free homes. That was the 
inspiration of the westward tide that carried on its bosom the white schooners of the prairie, freighted, as was the Maytlower less than 300 years 
iiefore. with souls that longed to help to deliver the new Territory out of the hand of bondage, aud write across it on the map. "free !" 

(66) 



The woitl was written, and the pionefr molliers lielped to write it. Home is uot home without a woman ia it. And so from the thrifty New- 
Englaud farms the Puritan daughters embarked with their husbands aud children, and followed the sun out toward its setting to the almost 
unknown land. Kansas was the "Great American Desert" then. There were no railroads, no telegraph lines, no newspapers, no schools, no 
churches : Kansas was simply a blur on the map, and promised to become a blot on the national escutcheon. 

The first homes were made on the eastern confines of the State. Across the river to the east were the border-rufBans. who looked on the 
'■ free-soilers" as special prey, and to the west were the Indians, blood-thirsty and inhuman, in the midst of dangers like these the first homes in 
Kansas were made. They were constructed of the materials that lay right under the hand. Sometimes of sod, with dirt floor, often a dug-out in 
the side of a ravine; perhaps of Cottonwood logs, '• chinked" with mud; sometimes thosa more aflliient than others brought with them from the 
'■ States" the frame of a house ready to put right up. 

Into these houses went the women with the children who were to make Kansas " first in freedom, first in wheat." Had those women been of 
the common mould they would have folded their arms in supine despair, and the waves of civil strife would have engulfed them and theirs. But 
they were uot of the common type. Since before their sires crossed the winter seas to the inhospitable shores of the New World, their character 
had beeu forming to steel them to meet just such vicissitudes. The heirs of all the ages of thought, of these "just men made perfect," these noble 
women transmitted their intensified hereditary dower of miud and will to their children. And so it was that they did not know the meaning of the 
word fear, nor of fail. 

What those noble pioneer women suffered, only God and the recording angel can disclose. By the light of the border-ruffian fires they read 
their Bibles, and between the war-whoops of the Indians taught their little ones their prayers. In the dead of night they and their frightened 
children were called from their beds to see the husband and father shot like a dog, because he'loved the flag and abhorred slavery. They returned 
from the little union cabin church to find their homes in smoking ruins. They went on infrequent visits to distant neighbors, and came back to 

■■ A blush as of roses, where rose never grew ! 
Great drops on the bnnch-griigs, bat not of the dew '. 
From the hearths of their cabins, the fields of their com. 
Unwarned and anweaponed their dear ones were torn." 

And all that was left the distracted mother was to take up the burden and the heartrache, and be mother and father both for the half-grown boys 
and girls. Then came the drouth, and the grasshoppers I Again and yet again they came, but through even that trial her courage never wavered. 
Her face took on a tenser look, perhaps, and the lines of suffering about her mouth grew a little deeper. Her children were almost grown now, 
and she could lean upon them in some happy day to come. 

The cloud of Civil War descended, but out of the gloom shone the face of the Kansas mother, irradiated, transfigured. God had taken every- 
thing else — husband, home, inheritance ; but all had gone in the cause of human freedom, and she had not murmured. The last great calamity 
came, as she had foreseen that it must, and she had but one thing left to give. She laid on the altar of her couutry her son.s, and set herself to do 
all that a woman's hands could do for the preservation of the Union. Grown used to attliction. she schooled herself to think that her manly sons 
might never return ; but that drop of Marali"s waters was spared her. 



Civil strife at an end, where the smoking hell of battle rolled a newer and grander home was erected. In it the Kansas mother sits like Zenobia, 
with her children and her children's children about her. She looks abroad, and she sees that the sod house and the dug-out have given place to 
granite and brick mansions, and .. Cities grow where stonted birches 

Hugged the ehallow water-line : 
And the deepening rivere twine 
Past the factory and mine. 
Orchard elopee and echoole and churches." 

Her sun of life is shining in at the western windows, and the shadows lengthen ; but as she folds her no longer busy hands, and looks off to- 
where the "sunflowers wave their thoughtless frondage" in the soft south-wind which stirs them as lazily as a lover would touch his sweetheart's 
cheek, her face is like a benediction in its calm expression of high resolve and resignation. You see in it the history of the past, the intensity of 
the present, the yearning hope for the future. Her granddaughter pauses beside her. and you catch in the younger, fresher face the key to that 
future. And you know that the maiden's nobility of character, purity of purpose, prudence, justice and liberality are the home-making and home- 
keeping finalities that the matron ha'* transmitted to her posterity, and that the future of Kansas is .safe in the keeping of such women. 







•gT- , '?- .."l,^ Tg ' ' 






-mm 



; ^3 S 0! a S 2j :ia 




FIRST TERRITORIAL CAPITOL. 

(At Pawnee. 1855.) 



SECOND TERRITORIAL CAPITOL. 

(At Shawnee. Johnson County. 1855.) 







TBIRD TERRITORIAL CAPITOL. 

(At Lecompton. 1857.) 







£i*. 


~3fe'^ 




SS^^^t^-i^if, 



RUINS OF THE TERRITORIAL CAPITOL AT LECUMPTON. 
(68) 



WHY PEOPLE SHOULD COHE TO KANSAS. 




BY HEV. CARL A. SWENSON, PH. D., PRESIDENT BETHANY COLLEGE, LINDSBORO. 



To A Penusylvanian, reared in Illinois — for these two States are certainly among the best and 
strongest in the Union — this question comes with unusual importance. When a man moves, he desires 
to improve his condition. When people go West, they hope to realize this ambition ; and I might add, 
thousands have already done so. 

I wish to tell yon, dear reader, some ot the reasons why people should come to Kansas. 
First of all, o«7' health conditions are most excellent. Sickness is not by far as prevalent as In the 
East. The air is pure and bracing. Hundreds suffering from lung and throat diseases, from rheuma- 
tism and indigestion, from general debility, have recovered their lost vigor with us, and they will join 
in the great chorus, "There is no place like Kansas." People live to be very old in such a climate. I 
look a walk in our little city last night. In the vicinity of our Lutheran church I remembered one hale 
old conple, the man 89 years old and his wife 87. Near them live two widowers, one strong and active, 
going on his 89th year, the other 81. On the next porch I saw a grandpa in the circle of his family, he 
being 80. Right across the street lives a lady almost 8.5, and in the next house another lady of the 
,; " same age. People are young at 75. Our climate does it. Children are as a rule taller and stronger 

' ~ ' than their parents. I happen to think of a family of boys raised by the foot of the Smoky Hill bluffs. 

There are five of them — fine samples of Kansas manhood — ranging from six feet to six feet four inches. The father was five feet ten inches. 
■One of the neighbors has two boys of six feet three inches each, the father being five feet eleven inches. No degeneracy of tlie race here. The 
climate does it. And then — 

We have no saloons in Kansas. Whisky kills ; its absence strengthens. Say what you may about it, but it remains an incontrovertible fact, 
that the saloon is a most dangerous educator. Can you name a greater foe to the young man, or to the boy? In Kansas this influence is not found 
in onr agricultural districts, in our villages and smaller cities. Even in our largest cities, temptations of this kind are small as compared with con- 
•ditions existing in our Eastern civilization. People from saloon .States have understood this and sent their boys to Kansas, to grow up without the 
influence of the saloon. 

Our laws do not mean that a person may not use liquor, should he desire to do so; but the provisions of the temperance code state that no one 
shall make it his business to tempt others. Personal liberty must end where public danger begins. 

People should come to Kansas because of the general intelligence of its people. Even a Kansan is surprised at the number ot books, magazines 
and newspapers sold in Kansas. Several years ago, already 19,000 copies of the Youth's Companion came to our State. Our magazine subscrip- 
tions are marvelous. And our own Kansas papers are easily up to the average. The fact is this: Kansas was peopled by the best people 

(69) 




froui Uie East and the Ijest immigrauts fiom Europe. Illiteracy is re- 
duced to a mininiiim. Public schools and churches abound every- 
where. Colleges aud Universities have been established in all sections 
of the State, and they are well patronized. Many of our people return 
to Kansas from visits to their former homes East well pleased, nay, 
proud of the conditions of culture and refinement obtaining in Kansas. 
The Art.f receive their due share of our attention. Let me instance. 
Great musical conventions and contests are held at Hutchinson, To- 
peka. Lindsborg, and other places. At Bethany College, Lindsborg, 
" The >Iessiah" is rendered on Good Friday every year, the first rendi- 
tion having occurred as early as 1882. Some of the military bands of 
this State have been known all over the country, as llapgood's Dispatch 
Band, of Clay Center ; Marshall's, of Topeka ; Bethany's, of Lindsborg. 
Large Conservatories are already founded, that at Lindsborg having a 
faculty of nine or ten; fifteen pianos; two large pipe organs, one of 
two manuals, the other of three; one hall seating 1,000 people, another 
seating 4.000 ; four bands, a large orchestra, and strong departments, 
manned by European artists, for piano, organ, violin, voice culture, 
harmony, the cornet, and other instruments. All this is found in a 
small city in central Kansas. 

Schools of Painting, Drawing, etc., are also being established, and 
they are well patronized. These schools are worthy of more than a 
passing notice. Many of their productions find a ready sale East. Some have been sold in New England during this spring. 

And so Eastern people need not sacrifice their comforts in coming to Kansas. In fact, tlie opposite conditions prevail in a large majority of 
cases. By this I mean to say that we have, as a rule, more comforts in places of equal size in tlie West than people in the East. To a cultured 
and refined family these privileges are simply invaluable. 

The Gulf of Mexico Deep-Sea IJarhorn place us as far east as Ohio. We are only a day"s riile from the Rockies. One night's ride places an Eastern 
Kansas man in Chicago, St. Louis, Springfield, Omaha, or Des Moines. We are right in the center of it all. When all of our domain is settled, 
when irrigation has fully reclaimed the desert, when the ceuterof population has found its own permanent average, we will be " right in the midst of it.'" 
Our summers are not loo hot. They are. as a rule, tempered by breezes from the Gulf. The nights are always cool and refreshing. Our win- 
ters are just cold enough to counteract the natural lethargy of such wiuterless States as California, southern Texas, eto. 
Yes, come to Kansas, fellow-citizens in the East. You will find a hearty welcome. 
Three cheers for bright, sun-kissed, intelligent, and cultured Kansas 1 

I 7(1) 




IRRIGATION 



BY HON. E. R. MOSES. CIIAIKMAN EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, NATIONAL IRRIGATION CONGRESS. 

It is impossible for uie in this sliort arlifle to give an evteinled history of irrigation, nor is it in place 
for nie to do so at this time, as the reader of this l)ook will be directed to the issues, facts and figures per- 
taiuing to Kansas in special, and in each article he reads will undoubtedly ask himself, "How much is there 
in il for me? Has it merit, and does it pay ?" So if you will give me your attention for a short time I will 
show you that there is something in it, that it has merit, and that it always pays. Il has been used since 
the existence of man, and with it. in the earliest ages, man laid the foundation of civilization, started the 
arts and sciences, and all along the changing scenes that time has produced in the elevation of man and the 
establishing of homes and nations, we find those countries which practiced irrigation playing a most suc- 
cessful part. The Anglo-Sa.\on race, with its warlike nature and comiiiering spirit, sought those lands 
most fertile and extensive in area. The Latin nations have always followed in the footsteps of their an- 
cestors, and practiced irrigation. Tbey live in the wanner and dryer climate, where they are compelled 
to use artificially the water at their command for the production of crops. In the United States the public 
lands are mostly taken up, except those in the western half, where irrigation must be practiced more or less. 
You will be surprised when 1 say that one-half of the United States, exclusive of Alaska, lies in this belt, and in this area only one-tenth of the popu- 
lation of our country live. Yet it is estimated that with irrigation, eighty millions of people can make here good comfortable homes where famine 
need never come or want ask for aid. 

To-day we can boast of a new West and a closer civilization made by irrigation; of towns, and cities and country far surpassing the East in 
beauty, grandeur and wealth. Those who have visited these districts, in Utah, Idaho, Colorado. New Me.vico, Arizona, and California, know well 
what I speak of, and of the success and final cKitcome to western America when irrigation is generally known and practiced. With irrigation, the 
dreams of the idealist, the desires of the philanthropist, the plans of the political economist and the work of the statesman can be accomplished in 
making homes for the millions now seeking them, and for the millions to come. Would you practice charity and "do unto others as you would be 
done by"? Here is the opportunity, and it will cost you nothing but a little time. But, you ask, how? Give your aid and assistance in opening 
this vast territory to the four millions of people that are without homes. Gather them from the over-crowded cities, out of the mines and workshops, 
the counting-houses, from the forge, and from the crowded districts of the country, to a place where the hearty farmer, young and old, can start 
out in life with a home he can call his own, and where all classes of unemployed seeking homes can find them at small cost. ' Here they will be- 
come producers instead of consumers, and will send back East the products of the farm for the products of the loom, and to a great extent settle one 
of the most vexed questions of the day, viz., "What shall we do with the unemidoyed '.' " In tliis way they can be made free, independent, law- 
abidinir, wealth-producing American citizens. 




No niau or set of meu can Hud belter iiiveslmeiits with (iiiicker returns and do his fellow-man more good 
than by opening these large tracts of land for settlement in ten to forty acres per individual, and selling them 
for cash or on the installment plan. 

I said that irrigation meant closer civilization ; I might say a new civilization, for it places side by side 
the tillers of the soil so closely that the country is changed into a town, and for miles and miles the farm- 
houses are closely connected, so that the dreariness and loneliness of farm life is done away with, and the 
farmer's wife and family find that pleasure and happiness that otherwise was but seclusion and exile. I can- 
not tarry longer on irrigation in general. 

I was to write about Kansas and irrigation ; not of all of Kansas, but of central and western Kansas. 
Eastern Kansas is just as good for raising crops in the natural way as Illinois. Iowa, or Ohio ; and yet the 
time is coming, and is now at hand, when all of these States, and I may say all of humid America, will irri- 
gate their land just as much as they can. For the worth of the land depends on what it will produce, and 
there is a time in every season when water applied to crops will save or increase them. In other words, irri- 
gation produces from .50 to 200 per cent, more crops than in the natural way. Western and central Kansas 
have a territory larger than several New England States, and are capable of supporting well, by irrigation, 
over a million of people — and some say two millions. Nature has blessed this section by giving it rain 
enough some years to raise a crop, every year half enough or more. Now if this supply is increased by irri- 
gation, there will never be a failure in crops. To-day, in many parts of western Kansas, irrigation has a 
great foothold. I could name town after town, with the country surrounding them, that are in a high state 
•of cultivation, with their irrigated land worth S.'iO to $100 per acre, while the first cost of the land was from SI. 3.5 to -So per acre. 

I am well aware that there will be certain pertinent questions in the mind of the reader that must be answered, and I think they are as follows : 
How many acres have you in Kansas that can be irrigated? Millions. There is one valley which is over two hundred miles long and four to 
twenty-eight miles wide — enough land to form a State. There are several other valleys of lesser dimensions, while there are thousands of acres 
■on the uplands that can be irrigated. 

How much is land worth that can be irrigated '.' From SI. 25 to $10 per acre. 

Where will you get the water? As I said before, nature supplies one-half and more in rainfall, and some years nearly all that is needed. 
This can be augmented by the water from the streams, the flood-waters, and the underflow. In the valleys the water is sufficient from the under- 
flow, which can be found from three to twelve feet from the surface, not counting the water from the streams. Even if the streams are dry at 
certain times, the flood-waters in the wet seasons, conserved in reservoirs, would be suflicient to irrigate most of the valleys. In other sections of 
the country artesian wells are used, but this system is limited. In the uplands, water is found from 13 to 300 feet deep. Strange to say, on the 
•same 160 acres, field-water maybe found one place 100 feet deep, while in another place (in a draw or ravine) 12 to 40 feet deep. The storm- 
waters can be conserved, and perhaps will be the most used in time on the uplands. 



iCOL. JOHN E. FUOST, LAND COMMISSIONER 
A. T. & S. F. R. R.. AND PRESIDENT NA- 
TIONAL IRRIGATION CONGRESS. 



(72) 



How much does it cost for watei' per acre '' We answer, from four to twenty dollars, according to the uiimber of acres and the depth of the 
•water. I am speaking now of using the underflow, which is unlimited. 

How do you irrigate with the underflow waters ? With a windmill, the water is pumped into reservoirs, to be used at pleasure. The windmill 
-can be let run ail the time. These mills and pumps, set up and ready for use, will cost from $7.5 to S300. A S150 to S33.T plant will irrigate ten or 
more acres. The reservoir will cost the work of two men. one team and a scraper for two days, and it can be built in sand and made to hold water. 
There is what they call a "Jumbo" mill that can be made for .S.i, and many are 
using them with good results. If 40, 60. or 160 acres are to be irrigated, a cen- 
liitugal or rotary pump is used, with a steam or gas engine. It will cost from 
>i;00 to $800. Let me say here, that most of the uplands will be used for raisiug 
rattle, hogs, and sheep, and on these lands can be raised, by subsoiling, and if need 
be by irrigation, plenty of stover, such as cane, Kafir-corn, and their kind. At 
the same time, every stock-man and farmer on these uplands can irrigate from one to 
five acres, that will supply his food, and, if he has time, raise all the fruit he needs. 
Again, no home or place is pleasant or attractive without trees, plants, and flowers. 
By irrigation, oqe can have all of these, and the time is coming when this western 
country will be re-forested. Every farmer should raise trees, for the reasons that they 
beautify the place, conserve the water, protect the fruits, make home more pleasant, 
attract the home people to it and make them love it more, and finally, increase the 
value of the farm and supply the farmer with fuel. In a short time central and west- 
ern Kansas will be the great supply depot for the East for fruit, vegetables, cattle, 
hogs, and wheat. In certain localities they ship to the markets of the East and 
West, apples, pears, cherries, plums, strawberries, grapes, honey, cabbage, tomatoes 
and potatoes raised by irrigation. 

Twenty or forty acres may seem a small farm, yet I have seen ten acres so intensely 
■cultivated in fruit that it was worth S800 per acre, and the fruit sold off this teu acres was an investment of over ten per cent, per annum on this 
amount. The first cost of the land was forty dollars per acre. 

I would always say to those starting a new home, commence small and work up, rather than commence in a large way and become discouraged. 

To-day you can see over twenty-five hundred irrigation plants in western Kansas, built in the last three years. Remember that irrigation is 
practiced in a land of sunshine ; of fresh, pure air : in a balmy, health-invigorating climate, free from muddy roads, cloudy skies, damp atmosphere, 
green and sickly swamps, and pools of filth and death. It is the land of health, and can be made the land of wealth. 




R. BASIliER'S IRRIGATION PLANT. NEAR 
PAWNEE COITNTY. 



(W) 




IRRIGATED FARMING IN FINNEY COUNTY. 
(74) 




RESULTS OF IRRIGATION. 



EV HON. D. M. TROST. TRESIDENT AND STATE ENGINEER. STATE BOARD OF IRRIGATION. 



Ai.r, wlio are familiar with the giowtli ami progress of the irrigation movement in Kansas must ascribe 
great credit to the Eansas State Irrigation Association. Its idea was born of the troubles and distresses 
which assailed the "dry" farmer in the semi-arid portions of the State. We look back over the road it has 
traveled with mingled feelings, in which amusement plays no small part. Those of us who have done 
pioneer and missionary work in this field remember the conslernatiou which seized the real-estate agent 
when an irrigation meeting was about to b^ held in the State. One would have supposed that he belonged 
to the army of the "great unwashed" and was threatened with a dekige. The local politician shook his 
wise and crafty head, and wondered what effect this strange agitation might produce upon his already 
deeply-laid scheme for personal advancement, and it is not much to his credit that his first conclusion 
was to oppose it. 

Some of us recollect meetings held in the larger towns, which will yet be saved by water or eternally 
lost, and remember that, through the intiuence of the panic-stricken real-estate man and the alarmed politi- 
cian, our audiences were narrowed down to a few earnest farmers who, through careful stndy of their 
Bibles and ol)servation of the weather, had settled the proposition which still puzzled the real-estate man and the politician, viz.: That streams of 
limpid water were far more productive of vegetation than "procrastinated precipitation." 

To-day all this is changed. The real-estate man, through the irrigation agitation, is opening his eyes to the truth, and the politician, ever 

anxious to be astride the winning horse, has come to the solemn conclusion that water will materially assist the solution of the agricultural problem. 

In those early days the mention of irrigation provoked a smile. Now it suggests only one serious question — "Where shall we get the water?" 

This western country is full of people who ask no other question, and if satisfactorily answered are ready to devote their energies and expend their 

money in its application to the soil. 

The old method of dry farming has had, upon these western plains, a trial of twenty years, and while isolated instances of success may be 
found, the general result is against the hope or expectation that these plains will be able to support a large population and grow in material wealth 
and attain a higher civilization by following the old method. This opinion is shared by a large majority of the thoughtful, intelligent settlers in 
this country. It has come to be a fixed conviction in the outside world, which looks in upon us and observes us. We meet one of two alternatives, 
and are in the crisis of a choice between them. One is. to turn back these broad plains to the undisputed sway of the cattle-men, to lead upon tliem 
a wild, nomadic life, shorn of the advantages of society, schools, churches, and all higher enjoyments. The other is, to adopt a new method, a dif- 
ferent system of agriculture, and renew the struggle to overcome the adverse conditions of nature, with every assurance of ultimate success. 

It was this conviction that banded together the representatives of the western counties in the last Legislature, in 1895, to work without ceasing, 

(75 



to^harinonize conflicting ideas, to aljandon intliviiliial convictions and Ijeliefs, and to take what was possible in their struggle for au irrigation law, 
appropriation, and machinery for its expenditure, to the end that some tests should he made, some data collected, which should guide our people in 
revising their plans and expending their money and energy in this new attempt. The Kansas State Board of Irrigation is the result. It is the ad- 
vance guard thrown into the enemy's territory to feel his strength and ascertain his position, and we realize fully that upon the report which we are 
able to make to the people, our employers, much of the immediate future of the Irrigation movement will depend. 

The field of operation is as large as it is prolific. Embracing as it does all that portion of the State of Kansas lying west of the 98th meridian, 
and giving us within this bounded area a little over 33,0()O,()00 acres of land, out of the .52,000,000 acres embraced within the State's boundaries. 
Of all this vast area, 7.5 per cent., or 24,000,000 acres, of these lands can be plowed and cultivated, aud may be rated as farming or agricultural 
lands, regardless as to what they may or may not produce. With a proper and inlelligent system for the conservation of our water-supply, skillfully 
and economically applied, we will be enabled to redeem to successful agriculture aud add to the State 6,000.000 acres of land that, in productive- 
ness or value, will eiiual if not exceed in value any other land within the State, and from which a bountiful crop may be garnered each and every 
year. A conservative estimate of our water-supply from seven of the principal rivers flowing thi'ough the State, which empty their waters into the 
Missouri and Mississippi rivers, very clearly Indicates that we are losing annually enough water to irrigate 3,573.33(3 acres of laud a foot in depth. 

The sub-surface flow, or the underflow, so called, along the line of these water-courses, especially the Republican and Arkansas rivers, it com- 
bined, would irrigate twice as much land from the sub-surface, or underflow, as can be irrigated from the surface flow. The water-supply from the 
Arkansas river alone, is capable of irrigating 3,637,740 and the Republican river 3,393,300 acres, or a combined water-supply from these two streams 
sufficient to irrigate 5.039,940 acres, which, when added to the lands that may be irrigated from the surface flow of the other streams, such as the 
Solomon, Saline, Smoky Hill, Cimarron and Medicine Lodge rivers — not taking into account the underflow water of these streams — gives us water 
enough to irrigate, or put one acre fool of water on 6,196,316 acres of laud in the territory west of the 98th meridian, or successfully irrigate 30 per 
cent, of all the lands within this area. • 

To show what this sub-surface or underflow really is, a single instance will suffice. The Hutchinson Packing Company, of Hutchinson, Kan- 
sas, is daily pumping 5,000,000 gallons from this so-called underflow reservoir, at a depth of not to exceed 40 feet, and from beneath a tract of land 
150 X 150 feet, with no indication whatsoever of any diminution In the water-supply, which alone wouldcover 6,000 acres of land with water one foot in 
depth each year. More than enough water to insure a most bountiful crop in that portion of the State, where the average annual rainfall is 26 
inches. An ocean of water beneath them, as with us, an inexhaustible fountain to draw from. Who would say that we could n't operate a thou- 
sand such plants in the Arkansas valley alone, and supply water for a thousand times as much land as that one plant is capable of supplying, and 
irrigate as much land In the Arkansas valley as I have credited to the territory referred to? It Is my candid belief that we can, and I am confident 
that the future development of the water-supply of the Republican and Arkansas rivers will fully sustain me in this judgment. The results thus 
far achieved make us hopeful for the greater success in the future. 

Irrigation farming, or farming by artificial application of water to Kansas soil, is a new idea to Kansas farmers, and not readily embraced, 
simply from the fact that to many it means the cultivation of small areas, truck or vegetable culture, instead of enlarged fields of wheat, oats, 
barley, corn, and alfalfa. But this method of farming is no longer an experiment with the people of the western portion of the State, where a quar- 

(76) 



ter of a million acres of land may already be found under irrigation, supplied with water taken from the various streams and conveyed to the lands 
through large ditches or canals. This State possesses 1,200 miles of irrigating canals and laterals, especially constructed for this purpose. Not 
alone the ditch system, but we have another system, called the individual pumping plant and irrigation system, that has added upwards of 25,000 
acres of land to the aggregate amount of lands irrigated. We have to-day 
within our State's border 1,800 individual pumping plants, that pump or draw 
the water from beneath the very soil on which it is used, irrigating all the 
way from one acre to 75 acres, successfully cultivated, and that, too, princi- 
pally by wind power. Many steam and gasoline plants in the State cover a 
much larger area than could be done by wind power. 

The fine groves, orchards, viueyards, and beautiful homes surrounded by 
every luxury possessed by the people in the Eastern States, very clearly dem- 
onstrate the' fact that the people can occupy these lands and handsomely 
maintain themselves, if they will embrace the new ideas on soil culture. 

The future has much in store for us. There will not only be an increase 
of individual pumping plants, but also iucreased and enlarged systems of 
canal service, supplied with water from this so-called underflow, constructed 
for the express purpose of irrigating larger areas of lands, which will extend 
to the higher grounds, or uplands, while all this will call into requisition large 
aggregated capital, all of which will be bountifully supplied and forthcoming, 
just as soon as it is shown by some practical test, made either by the State or 
the General Government, or both, that water can be secured for irrigation 
purposes, with profit to both the ditch-owner who sells it, and also the farmer 
who is to buy and use it; and not until this is shown can or will it be done. 



There was a Time in Kansas= 

jwhen irrigation was thought unnecessary: 
To-day it i.s considered the only successful 
method of growinK farm and orchard crops. The only 
Magazine devoted exclusively to this subject is The 
Irkigation Age and from a reader's standpoint it is 
1 nearly perfect. Everything which appi'iirs in this pub- 
Heation is written exclusively tor it ami relates strictly 
to Its specialty— irrigation and western development. 
Ther(3 is no sp^ce to spare lor miseellane' ms matter. 

The staff ot contributors is large and the leaders are 
men of national re)iutation. Tiie illustrations are care- 
fiilly and judiciously selected and are cnfrraved especially 
for The Age. The expense is a minor item in consider- 
ing literary features. Its advertising pages are free from 
obii.'e1i..nat)le medical and defrauding advertisements. 
It is clean and concise. 

A Practical Magazine for Practical People. 

. If you are a Banker, an Investor, a Homeseeker, a 

-.^ - Farmer, a Jlanufacturer, an Engineer, a Contractor, 

.. Keal Estate Dealer or a Lawyer, yen need and should have this 

magazine; the most handsome and praittieal of western publications. 

An acknowledged leader. Itcontainsintormation of great value to you. 

Only $1.00 a year. One sample copy free to any address. 

THE IRRIGATIOIM AGE, 

Published by G. E, Gikling, 114 Dearborn Street. Chicago. 



(77) 




BSPESSENriNG FOUR INDIVIDUAL FRUIT DISPLAYS AT GARDEN CITY FAIR, AND THREE IRRIGATION PLANTS, 

FINNEY COUNTY, KANSAS. 

(78) 




HORTICULTURE IN KANSAS. 



BY HON. IIKNUT BOOTH. 



In the early settlement of Kansas, forty years ago. it was thought by many of the settlers that apples and 
many other kinds of fruits could not be successfully raised here unless it might be along the creek and river 
bottoms and other sheltered places, because of excessive heat, drouths and high winds. Some said, "Even 
if you do succeed in raising good trees, the fruit can never hang on and mature, on account of the severe winds 
that sweep over these prairies." Consequently, not nearly as many fruit trees were planted as ought to have 
been by the fir.st settlers, and there are not as many old orchards in the State as there should be. But how 
much they were mistaken in their woeful predictions, let the great successes Kansas has had in carrying 
away the Brst prizes for apples, etc., at the Centennial E.thibition at Philadelphia, at Boston and New Or- 
leans fairs, testify. The fact is, Kansas has developed into one of the greatest fruit Slates in the Union ; and 
this industry is still in its infancy here. Orchards are being planted yearly by the thousands of acres, and the 
horticultural statistics of 1895 show that we have twenty and one-half million ('.'0,489,631) trees of the apple, 
plum, pear, peach and cherry growing within the State. Many of these are in commercial orchards varying 
in size from 40 to 1,500 acres. This latter tract is owned by Mr. Fred. Wellhouse. of Leavenworth county. 

In his orchards are 620 acres of Ben Davis apple trees alone, 305 acres of Missouri Pippins, 330 

acres of Jonathans, and other varieties in smaller numbers. He plants few varieties, and those 

only that are good producers and most salable on account of size, color, and keeping qualities : 

and he makes it pay. 

Among the most profitable varieties in this State, as demonstrated by such men as Mr. Well- 

honse, Major Holsinger, and others, are Ben Davis, Missouri Pippin, Jonathan, Gano, and York 

Imperial — all winter or late fall apple.s. There is not much money in raising summer apples, 

unless you are near a large market, as they will not bear shipping well and will not keep; but 

every family orchard should have a judicious selection of summer and fall as well as winter ap- 
ples. The best summer varieties that have been tested here are Bed Astrachan, Early Harvest, 

Red June, Sweet June, and Tellow Transparent ; for fall. Maiden's Blush, Wealthy, and Duchess 

of Oldenburg. With these varieties and the winter varieties named before, apples can be had 

nearly the year around. But winter apples are the kind to make money from. They are always 

i-alable at a fair price, and their keeping qualities make it possible to hold for advance in price 

should they be too low at picking-time, especially if one is near a good cold-storage plant. FP.riT cultike ix pawnee county. 

(79) 







WMm 



V , 1- :'. * N 




CITY BUILDING AND U. S. LAND OFFICE AT DODGE CITT. 



In the fifteen years that Mr. Wellhouse's orchard has been in bearing he has had 
two failures — 1892 and 1893. The crops of the thirteen years have averaged him 82.35. 
per barrel. lu 1890 he raised 79,170 bushels, which sold for S3 per barrel, or one dol- 
lar per bushel, and there are thousands of acres of good land in Kansas upon which 
just such crops can be raised, that can be bought at very low figures — offering the 
finest inducement to a man with a little means to engage in one of the most profitable- 
industries open to-day to the energetic, industrious, patient young man. 

The climate and soil of this State are so varied that in some part of it all the fruits, 
known to the temperate zone can be raised. In the southern portion the peach, apricot, 
persimmon and plum grow to perfection, as well as the apple; and the grape luxuriates- 
in the warm sunlight and genial soil of nearly every portion of the State. Of course, 
all varieties of these fruits do not do equally well in all portions of the State, but by 
careful study and incjuiry such kinds as are known to do well can be easily determined 
for each locality. Complete success will dejieud largely upon the quality of trees- 
planted, varieties, and subsequent care and cultivation. No crop raised by the farmer 
will give better returns for good cultivation and care than apples, pears, plums, 
peaches, etc.; but especially will the apple pay. The appetite for it is as natural as 
that for milk and meat; and the demand, compared with that of twenty years ago, is 
ten times as great, and still growing. There is really no danger of glutting the market 
with (joiid winter apples so that the price will fall below a remunerative one ; and one 
year with another, more money can be made from an acre of apple trees than from any 
other crop a farmer can raise. 

In tlie extreme western portion of the State, where irrigation is followed, eminent 
success has been had in the raising of fruits. Mr. C. H. Longstreth, of Lakin, Kearny 
county, has 70 acres in orchard, and he has had very satisfactory success. He is 4.'> 
miles east of Colorado. He irrigates his laud, and the trees are in as fine condition as. 
a man could -wish to see, and the fruit as fair, smooth and delicious as can be imagiued. 



Dodge City ie the county seat of Ford county, has a population of two thoui^and, and ie located at the intersection of the A. T. & S. F. and C. R. I. & P. Railways. It 
ifi a division point on the A. T. & S. F. Rly. Round-houses and machine-shops are maintained, and employment given to a large number of men. Dodge City has for many 
years beiMi the center of the great cattle interests of western Kansas. Before the railroads were built into southwestern Kansas and the Panhandle of Texas, it was the- 
greatest shipping point for cattle in the world. During the spring of 1896 forty thousand young stock cattle were shipped into Dodge City for distribution to the various- 
cattle ranches of western Kansas. The U. S. Land Office for the western district of Kansas is located here. 



(80) 



THE KANSAS TRAVELING MAN. 



ET HON. JOSEPH G, WATERS. 



The Kansas t.avehng man does not include the lightning-rod peddler-God forbid I-nor the tree-vendor, nor the man who sells steneil 
^ a es and rnhber stamps, nor the woman who makes a house-to-house tour with corsets, lotions and complexion cr ams. ThTcommerS trt " 
of known leg,t,mate bus.ness, with customers who await his coming, representative of respectable and long-established houses is t^e ma Tfwtom 
these lines are written. 1 say again, God forbid that the lightning-rod peddler shonld be at all confounded with him - 

The Kansas traveling man is a born geographer ; it is heredity for him to be a professional topographical engineer. If ever the Government 




UNITED COMMERCIAL TRAVELERS AND LADIES OF KANSAS. 

(81) 



™ . .• un n,;!! in all fiitiirp War's be llip chief of Staff to the geii- 

OW.S the railroads, he wUl be the first Secretary of the Department of Trauspo:.atu>n. He w.U J^' ~ ^^ ^^^^, ,,^ ,.„^„, „,, „„, ^,„,,, 
eral. The ehUdret, of Israel would never have been lost in the ^^^"'^^'^^^^JZ^^, „i,r„ads, each of which has dog-fennel on 
comtnercial traveler. Give hin, half a dozen time-cards of as "^^ ^ ^^^-^f^ "^^^j'j te"e parti u.ar railroads so run their trains that an ordi- 
its tracks sufficient to blis,er a man's eyes as he stands on he re.^^ P ^^^^^ .^ ^.^ ^^^,.,.,y „, .„,,„,,„, ,e will bend 

r,ary man can never leave the road when he once gets on is UacK or g^^ °^^°J" ^eys such as a trans-continental tourist might readily envy, 
their antagonistic schedules at last into the perfect symmetry o '2'u""ZvZ^'^o bed. Expected troops would be there at the appointed 
With him as commissary, the army would never lose .•'^^^^-^ "^^f^^^^^''^^' «;,' ,,„•, ,,,J is the indelible stain of railroad Junctions, and 
time, and delays of Blucher and Porter would not be tn the h.stones ""^^ w«^^ On th ^^^_^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ .^ ^.^ ^^^^^^^^^^ 

the score-card of local freights. Upon his form ,s the ^l-^^.';^fj^''^'^^^^lZ^^^^^^ draws, ravines, gullies, hi.ls, hollows and bad 

nightmares every railroad crossing. He can call out as he rules ";J«^*^°°7^ ~^, ^^^i,, l.d long ago have been opened to civilization had 
places in the road, with as much ease as the braUeman ""^^'^^J^^^^^^'^^^nnd av ng a few lace and bobinet san.ple-men hailing from New 
we utilized this man. He is as familiar with the hote,s as the several ^ "^ ^;'^;^;;^^^^^^^^^^ .. jo„esy." or "three-car-loads Russy." The 

York, the universal porter insists on familiarizn,g h,s P^^";^'"'!'; °f ^^ ;,^,"^^^;/,';p" ,, t, be second-hand. No man ever lived who unblush- 
ordinary traveler wonders where all the good stor.es come from , a h st J^^^ ^MP« ^^^^ ,„„,,, ,f every good story is a Kansas 

ingly told a good story and then -PP---;^\;;Vw^ ^ =1 w" '.f huZ. 1 a helould be on the caboose of the third section of a train belated 
commercial traveler. It is as necessary for h,m to spawn '^ ;/^'°° "' ^% '^^ „i ^t and it a-drizzling outside, as a laboratory is necessary for 
by a ear off the track, three hours behind t.me. full o ^'^^ 7-;^'^^';^^^;"^''^^^ ° £\\''„„ , ,,„ekman and watches for a fatal effect. The next ; 
Edison. Then everything intermixes and blends to produce tl^ "ew-come- He tnejt ^^_^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ jo^MiUerisms, and 

day it has a place in the market reports, and is quoted a ong ^^'^ '^':l'f^' ' "^ pol tts this man is wise or otherwise. He discusses the situation 
puis them on their feet for journeys as endless as that of the Wandermg Jew. ^^ P^''^-''^^^ "^^^ ,„^,3,„, ,^^, ^tile I have known him to 

Ld argues equally well on either side of the 'f "-'^ P-^^^'^^''^^^-, J, 'o7to ^ 

back the wrong horse occasionally, I have never known h,m to ta k ^^^^ °™^ corn, barley, billy goats and unbaled hay. He does : 

States making cash advances on warehouse deposits o ^-^'P''^;'\fl'l^JJ°^^^^^^^^ \„ Pharaoh's time he would have found the babe 

not let politics encroach on his business or pocket-book, -^.'^ 'f^ ^^^^^ f^^^^^^^^ thing to his discredit is that he originated high 

in the bulrushes and would have been the first to discover his f ^'P^ "';^;:;;,^;.^^;'^-;,, ^Jp, L has, however, never originated a better State 
five, which in the aggregate consumes more time of the P;";'"^:'^^ '^^" ;^\V" ;;;;7;J;ere;„„,ent. Kob him of everything he has ; denude ■ 
than Kansas. He is never a pessimist, and he never loses faith in ^^^/"^^^ /'^P ^^ "^ ^\ „^ ,.tter benedictions over its similitude t« a back- 

him of everything but a cathode photograph of his anatomy, and in the '^''^'\''[^": ~2ea 'e" He is never a candidate for office, but ! 

lie. He will not stop to cry, but, seizing his grip, he makes the towns with l^^^; ^^^ ^^f^^^^^ ,,,,, ,,„d, but never one of these ' 

sometimes he systematically and artisticaUy downs a man who. ^ ^^ ^_,^^^ ,, „, ,,„,,. . 

S:: -r "i.e I nr :^:^- — ^ ^:Z:Z^.^ . a masonry in his craft that makes him the bearer of good tidings. 

VWs2) 



He was the man under whose auspices Schlatter was brought out as a divine healer. He is of all tribes and of all fongues. He is under all skies a 
gentle,nan ; but as to Arkansas, the writer wishes to say that he speaks only from hearsay. His deportment in any language is immaculate. He is 
without useless nil, ami has no wholly ornamental furbelow. He is the true Cosmopolite. He carries with him astride a broncho or on the hind 
seat of the buckboard between Lyndon and Osage City, yes, from Alma to Wamego, the chivalry that ennobled the fifteenth century. He is with- 
out affectafon. He flaunts no vaunted superiority. If he has a book that treats on family genealogy, he keeps it very mute. He has no arrogance 
1 would not be true to my own raising did 1 not also add, he has no modesty. If his coffee is the best, he informs the customer of it. If he has adul- 
terated samples he prides himself on it and boasts of it and gives his customer the benefit of it. No man in Kansas who knows anything is modest 
Half-bushels hide no light in this State. An inverted torch is something our people are not accustomed to see. He is a philanthropist and almsl 
g.ver. The first to be at the scene of a wreck, washout, flood, or explosion, and the man who heads the subscription. Tender as a woman and 
kmdiy as a mother. His eye may be attracted by a pretty woman - he may look into the depth of her eyes- a sigh may escape him as if it were 
an echo of the unreturning past- but he recovers his grip on sub-lunar things by opening his pocket-book and taking out of its holy of holies the 
pictures of wife and children, about whom he talks and all of whom he intensely loves. ( If his wife does not hereafter have more confidence in 
him and suspect him less, after reading this, why. gentlemen, it is not my fault.) 

All the foregoing are the merest accessories to the real man I was called in to diagnose. He is a man of business, plain, practical and level- 
headed. He IS a full reservoir of American gumption. He can keep a tottering merchant on his feet. He can lighten his fall And I might 
remark, there are very, very few mercantile disasters in Kansas. He helps the merchant whom he sells, advises shortening sails in seasons of 
depression, and has a sublime intuition of coming prosperity -although his intuitions may be scarce nowadays. He knows the strength of the 
country, and its weakness as well; all its resources; its capacity for development; its expectancy; its staying abilities under stress of drouths 
grasshoppers, hot winds, pestilential politics, and retrenchment and reform generally. He has the rare gift of prophecy ; he never misses and never 
miscalculates. He furnishes all the weather prognostications that confront the eye up and down the daily calendars of the patent-medicine almanacs 
Next to Blaine, he is the representative American. His home is in Kansas, and the State is his foster mother. In no other State would he be pos- 
sible. The State made him. A State that has the most magnificent system of laws ever devi sed by man ought to have the perfected commercial 
traveler. The skies of Kansas are reflected in his own sunny, cheerful eyes. Its zephyrs are incarnated in his rotund and taking speech. Its har- 
vests are represented in his corpulent frame; its cyclones in his spine that strengthens with tempest. We present him as the picked fruit of our 
orchard. He is the survival of the fittest. The trusts have tried to down him, and giaut monopoly would like to crush him. They have found it 
an impossible thing to do. He is a hardy and ever-blooming perennial. 
Open up your grips and show the gentlemen your samples ! 



(8*) 




KAFIR CORN 



BT CAPT. W. H. HORNinAT. 



KAFIR COKN is comparatively new. The first seed was sent out from Washington for experinientmg 
with a view of finding a forage plant which wonld prove more reliable in some of the senn-and secfons of 
Nebraska and Kansas. It was brought from the dry. hot regions of South Africa, where it has for a long 
time been the onlv plant which would mature seed in that arid climate. The fir.t experiments made at 
Manhattan showed that Kafir corn was the best of all the non-saccharine sorghums and that ,t was a 
very promising plant for all parts of Kansas, especially the western section, where a short drouth just at 
the critical time frequently prevented Indian corn from maturing properly. 

In planting Kafir corn, the farmer should leave the ground until his Indian corn is all planted, it he still 
continues to grow it. When the season is far enough advanced tor the ground to be warm and quick, plow 
and plain quickly, so that the tender plant may get a good start ahead of the weeds. The crop will mature 
ahead of frost, so that a little waiting will not endanger the crop. Like all sorghums, Kafir corn will mix 
very easily, and thereby degenerate ; but by careful selection of the largest and most perfect seed heads, and 
the prevention of mixing with other and inferior plants, a constant improvement may be made ,n the grade 
«f cron nrodueed As with the saccharines, there is no limit to the high degree to which this plant may be improved. 

The o« con, pi ter arranged as or planting broonr corm, is used for planting Kafir corn, and where a thick crop of odder i.s desired the 
nlani s un over th g o md the second time. Splitting the rows. The press drill, with holes stopped to give the rows proper distance. ,s very gen- 
' any n U n sle 'ocaU " But in all case^ the seed should not be covered more than half as deep as corn. Where gram more than orage is 
dee the kafiTcorn should be planted about as olher corn, with about the same cultivation. It is then cut and shocked like corn odder, and 
when 1 enfent tre seerheads a e cut from the fodder and run through an ordinary thresher with part of the teeth removed from the concave 
wCe t seeTVJ been dr 1 ed or doubled with the corn planter, it may be cultivated once with a single shovel instead of two I is harve^^d 
with an ordinary self-binder shocked like grain, and fed out as wanted. If the seed is needed from this crop, it is run through the thresher, with 
Ta o th etl removed r^m both cylinder and concave. The fodder is stacked like wheat straw, and is very fine. Many farmers sow Kafir corn 
a they sorghum mow and stack it, feeding it as they do sorghum or millet. This crop can be very successfully grown on the hinnest land to be 
found anywhere in Kansas, and produces an enormous crop of fine forage, which is relished by every animal on the farm, old and yo i g^^ 

in tlfe western counties of Kansas, where a few days of extra dry weather will make the Indian corn begin to look weary and ^ >• i>e KaA 
corn- is not affected by the dry weather, but simply "takes a rest," and when the refreshing showers come it catches its second b.eath staits ju t 
wherritleffoff and matures a good crop. Indian corn matures, and immediately the fodder begins to dry out, and the farmer must hasten his 
corn-cutting, or his fodder rapidly depreciates in value, and frequently it will dry so rapidly that parts of fields must be left uncut. 

(84) 



Kafir coru is very rapidly springing into favor, in every part of Kansas. In 1893 there were 45,000 acres grown, mostly in western Kansas. 
The next year the acreage reached 95,000, while in 1895 the report shows 184,198 acres, valued by the township assessors at $1,686,389. Before the 
end of the century Kafir corn will be grown in Kansas by the ten million acres, and in western Kansas, supplemented by alfalfa, it will enable 
every farmer to raise and fatten stock, grow prosperous and be happy. 




HOME OFFICE OF THE J. B. "W ATKINS LOAN AND MORTGAGE COMPANY, 

LAWRENCE. 

(85) 



ALFALFA AND STOCK INDUSTRY. 




BY HON. MARTIN Mi>HLER, PRESIDENT OP THE ALFALFA IRRIGATION AND LAND COMPANT. 



Since the settlement of western Kansas it has been fully cleuioiistrated, by experience, that the wealth 
of the uplands is found chiefly in the nutritious grasses growing thereon. The lowlands, river and creek 
bottoms are especially adapted to alfalfa-growing, and since this crop has been a demonstrated success in 
Kansas by twelve years' experience, these lands are becoming valuable. 

Large companies are being formed for the purpose of utilizing such lands as above described in the 
, jiroduction of alfalfa, and in stock-growing, of which The Alfalfa Irrigation and Land Company is one of 

the most successful in this purely Western enterprise. 

Alfalfa is the most valuable crop that can be grown. With no expense of cultivation after it is once 
seeded, the net profits per annum are from SIO to $.50 per acre. The average per acre, as shown by the 
reports received by the State Board of Agriculture, is about 835. The question is. Will these large profits 
be maintained? Will not the alfalfa product be greatly cheapened when the production is largely in 
creased, as it certainly will be? 

The answer: First, the area adapted to alfalfa is limited by soil aud climatic conditions. A dry cli- 
mate with a rich, deej) subsoil, with water in reach, is the home of the alfalfa plant. Western Kan.sas is better adapted to growing this plant than 
eastern Kansas, or any portion of the United States east of our State. In general the proposition is true, that wherever soil aud climatic conditions 
are favorable to the production of red clover, alfalfa will not flourish so well, aud red clover will continue to be growu. The fact that the alfalfa 
plant does not mature seed except in a dry country is sufficient evidence that the plant is not fully at home in a humid climate. It also explains the 
reason why the price of alfalfa seed has been so well maintained. There has been, practically, no abatement in the demand for seed grown in western 
Kansas, notwithstanding its largely increased product'on. The demand for seed comes from many parts of our own and also from foreign countries. 
Tlie seed is worth from $t to $6 per bushel, and the yield per acre is from four to six bushels. 

Second: The chief reason, however, why alfalfa-growing will continue to be highly profitable for all time is, because alfalfa is the cheapest 
meat^produciug product grown. ' As pasture it has high value, especially for growing and fattening hogs as well as other stock; and as hay it takes 
the place largely of corn and other grains in fatteniug cattle aud sheep. 

Where it is raised in Kansas, so far from eastern markets, unless special shipping rates are obtained, it is not in itself a merchantable commodity, 
except as it may be sold to local cattle-feeders. Its value is found in its meat-producing ipialities, and it can always be sold at a good price. Its produc- 
tion is cheaper thau that of coru, wheat, oats, or sugar beets. Ileuce while its value may fluctuate with that of fat cattle and hogs, the production 
of alfalfa will always be more profitable than the raising of other meat-producing products. Alfalfa, after it is once seeded, requires no expense 
except that for harvesting. 





«.-»^if .*«••- 



v.^':**.--*:- 



wSammM^^' 



■ -if'--' 









ALFALFA SEEDING OUTFIT, IN EDWARDS COUNTY, OF THE ALFALFA IRRIGATION AND LAND COMPANY. 

(87) 



The most desirable lands for alfalfa-growiug, as before stated, are the river and creek bottoms, where permanent water is found at a depth of 
from six to twenty feet, since the penetrating roots of the plant reach the water, and from this source derive moisture sufficient to produce a crop- 
without the aid of irrigation. 

The Alfalfa Irrigation and Land Company has seeded 3,000 acres to alfalfa this spring, and proposes to increase its acreage in alfalfa at the- 
rate of 10,000 acres a year, until all its lands suitable for growing alfalfa are seeded. This company will use its alfalfa in feeding cattle and hogs, 
and utilize the uplands for pasturage, and in this way make productive a large investment which has hitherto brought no returns. 

With sufficient capital, and good judgment in employing it, the western half of Kansas may be made as prolific as the eastern part. Alfalfa- 
growing, the sorghums, with subsoiling, pump irrigation, cattle- and hog-raising will solve the problem. 

Dairying is an industry which will play an important part in re-peopling the western half of Kansas. Even in dry seasons forage crops are 
raised. With the native grasses and such forage as can be raised, the farmer can keep from ten to fifty cows, and with a creamery in his neighbor- 
hood be entirely independent with this income, witliout attempting to raise small grain, which so often proves a failure. Then, if he has the ability to- 
put up a wind-pump to water four or five acres, he may in addition have fruits and vegetables in abundance each year. The company that I am interested 
in has purchased the Deer Park herd of registered thoroughbred .Jersey cattle, and will breed extensively this class of catlle^to supply the demands from 
farmers in western Kansas who will take up this industry ; and has also a herd of over 1 50 thoroughbred Hereford cattle. The characteristics of the 
Hereford? are their beef, and their '■ rustling" qualities in feeding. A Hereford is always fat. This herd will be used to grade up the company's beef 
eattle, and western farmers who may be able to add a small herd of beef cattle can be supplied with thoroughbred or high-grade bulls by the company. 
Hog-raising may be mentioned as a profitable business in western Kansas, whe^e alfalfa is grown. Fine pork is made where the feed is almost 
exclusively alfalfa, and hogs may be wintered on alfalfa hay. In the eastern portions of the State, hogs are subject to the scourge of hog cholera. 

Alfalfa-grown hogs have never been 
known to have the cholera. Diligent 
imiuiry through sections of the west- 
ern Kansas where hogs have been 
mown on Alfalfa fails to reveal a 
single case of loss by that disease. 

It cannot be denied that farming- 
tor the most part of the extreme west- 
ern part of Kansas in the old way, in 
attempting to raise small grains ami 
corn, has proved a disastrous failure. 
But there are abundant examples of 
success where alfalfa has been grown- 
and stock-raising engaged in, and 
where good judgment has been used 
there are no examples of failure. 

W. C. EDWARDS' EIGHTY-ACRE ALFALFA FIELD. ADJOINING LARNED. 

Si'om Photo and AH Studio of Chcis. Smith. Lamed. (88) 





THOROUGHBRED HEREFORD COWS AND CALVES OWNED BY THE ALFALFA IRRIGATION AND LAND COMPANY. 




LIVE STOCK 



BY HON. .T. «. MOORK. I.ATh sUKETAKY STATK LIVE-STOCK SANITAP.T i n>l Mij->Ii>N. 



From the Atlautic to the Pacific, that portion of the United States l)est adapted to the growth and 
fattening of live stock lies between parallels forty and thirty-seven degrees north latitude. 

The most healthful part of this belt is between California and the Missouri river, and in this portion, 
so exceedingly healthy, the State of Kansas combines a growth of feed with a growth of live stock that is 
simply unsurpassed. Horses, cattle, hogs, and sheep, as well as corn, wheat, oats, rye, clover, timothy, 
sorghum, millet, and alfalfa, are grown successfully, abundantly, and profitably. 

This chapter will not give figures. Its purpose is to tell the man who thinks of coming to Kansas 
with a desire to handle stock that he can follow that line of work as successful!) here as in any place in 
the United States. 

With us, the horse ilevelops to ijerfection. whether bred for fleetuess of foot, or for great bodily 
strength. He grows sound in wind and limb, and sells for the top price in his class. It is doul)tful if 
there is a place on the two continents that surpasses Kansas in a combination of those conditions essential 
to the growth, healthfulness and fattening of cattle. 
Kansas is a corn Slate. Although the western part of the State has not been as successful in growing corn, the eastern three-fourths grows 
such abundant crops that Kansas as a corn-growing State stands close to the head of the list. Oats and rye do well. Sorghum yields from six to 
ten tons per acre of most nutritious provender. As a rule, one acre of sorghum hay will winter three steers. Hogs multiply, grow and fatten at 
the minimum cost. Kuuning in the alfalfa in the summer-time, puts them in a condition that enables them to fatten very rapidly on Kansas corn, 
which, by the w^ay, grades highest in quality in the great markets of Chicago and Kansas City. Corn, hogs and alfalfa are a combination that will 
not leave a man poor very long. Sheep do well, whether kept for wool or naitton. 

Kansas winters are short and mild, yet cold enough to destroy any infection that may have entered the .State from the lower aud warmer locali- 
ties during the previous summer. Kansas summers are warm enough to produce good crops of corn, but they do not give a permanent home to the 
■disease-breeding tick, worm, scab, and Hy. so hurtful in the more southern States. Our climate seems just right for the development of live stock 
to the highest degree. 

Kansas has produced some top herds of high-bred cattle in Shorthorns, Herefords, PoUed-Angus, Holsteius, and Jerseys; also top herds of 
Poland-China and Berkshire hogs. In fact, breeding, especially in horses, cattle, and hogs, has been carried to the highest and best degree, while 
the feeder of all stock for market has found Kansas a veritable paradise for his work. 

Alfalfa is grown in the western portion of the State in an abundance that almost surpasses belief, not less tlian three crops of hay per year being 
cut and stacked in the meadows there. In the autunni. when the luairie grass becomes dry and brown, the cattle are brought in from the ranges and 

(90) 



turned to graze on the alfalfa that has grown after the last cutting. They run there until spring, gaining flesh every week as they eat hay at the 
stack or graze on the^lfalfa. Wlien the prairie grass starts up again, they are turned out to allow another sea.son's growth, and cutting and stack- 
ing to proceed for another winter's use. 

Further east in the Stale, sorglium. millet, clover, timothy, blue-grass and alfalfa are grown in great quantities. This feed, with corn-fodder, 
straw and prairie hay, furnishes "rough feed" for cattle, on which they are wintered cheaply and well. Very little shelter is needed. Sheds are 
hardly fashionable. A grove, a depression, or a high rack kept full of rough feed, is often preferred to the close shedding so necessary in colder 
climates. With plenty of feed and water, a good wind-break, and room to "knock about" and exercise freely, the cattle will come to grass in good fix. 

The air is full of vigor, the food nutiitious, the water clear and healthful, and the climate conducive to the comfort, growth and fattening of 
all stock. 

Kansas lies convenient to the great cattle-growing States and Territories of Colorado. New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah, as well as northwest 
Texas, commonly called the Panhandle. This is an area of plains and mountains, where feed to fatten cannot be grown proportionately to the num- 
ber of cattle produced. Kansas draws on these States and Territories for her cattle to feed and to graze. These western cattle make a great im- 
provement when developed in Kansas. A calf or yearling brought from the plains into Kansas will weigh almost twice as nuich at three years of 
age as his brother that remains to feed on the grazing furnished at his birthplace. 

Kansas is not the native place of any of the cattle diseases. Sometimes there are outbreaks of Texas fever, but this occurs only when the in- 
fection is brought to us from some place outside of the State. With the strict sanitary rules and regulations now in force governing the transporta- 
tion of cattle into tlie State from those places adjudged infectious, there is but little danger. 

The stock-yards in Kansas City, Kansas, furnish a market for stock of all kinds. There are several lines of railroad connecting the State with 
the Chicago market, also. 

Kansas possesses the conditions essential to the easy development, fattening and marketing of live stock of all kinds, but he will make a mis- 
take who comes to our State expecting to be successful while rearing and feeding his stock in a careless and slipshod way. No business will run 
itself profitably anywhere, and the live-stock business here is no exceplion to this rule; but to him who is willing to do his part, Kansas affords un- 
surpassed opi)ortunities for the profitable handling of live stock of all kinds. 



(ill I 




From PhotOfjrnph and Art Stw/io of Chaf>. Smith. Lamed. 

cattle: OWNED o{BY PRANK FROHER, HORSES OWNED BY EDWARDS BROS., SHEEP OWNED BY SMITH BROS., 

ALL IN PAWNEE COUNTY. 
(93) 




WELL BRED HOGS ARE DIAHONDS IN THE ROUGH. 

BT HON. T. A. Hl'EBARI). PRESIDENT KANSAS SWINE-BEEEDEKS' A990riATION. 

They multiply rapitlly and mature early ; return a good profit for the capital and lalior invested. They are 
good money; legal tender anywhere in the United States; interchangeable for gold, silver, greeubaeks,or Govern- 
ment bonds; cash at any age or size, stockersoftensellingfor more per pound than animals mature and fatted. 

Why do farmers market 15-cent corn when it will bring them 30 cents with less labor if fed to hogs, and leave 
ihe manure on the farm ? Every farmer should raise them. They are good gleaners, and pick up and utilize 
many dollars' worth of what would otherwise be wasted. They can be raised and fattened very cheaply on grass, 
alfalfa, and our inexpensive corn and mill-stuff. Kansas has more advantages for winter-feeding hogs and cat^ 
tie than any State in the Union, our w-inters being so mild and dry that hogs thrive on pasture all winter : and 
we have less di.sease than in all the olhercorn and grass-growing States, all of which easily decides the whole 
question of cheap hogs and cattle prodnction in favor of Kansas. We have a better climate and le.ss mnd and 
cheaper corn and mill-feed — tlie essential requisites for success. A few sows will raise you a car-load of feeders. 
Start right and half the battle is won ; buy the best as a foundation ; a very few will soon stock a farm. 
At least buy a thoroughbred to head the herd, if not two or three good thoroughbred females ; they will 
readily pay for the extra investment. 
Kansas with her two million well-bred hogs, valued at about ten million dollars, and the best mar- 
kets in the world in our own State — Kansas City, Wichita and Hutchinson — should market a large 
portion of our 15-ceut corn in a condensed form, in hogs — saving a princely sum in transportation 
and very largely increasing our receipts of last year, 1895, which were .840,(i9I,074 for animals slaugh- 
tered and sold for slaughter. This includes cattle, hogs and sheep. "It's the hog that pays the rint/'' 
Bny a good symmetrical sire that will fatten at any age and yet make a large growth for the food 
consumed ; he should have a good head, back, ham, and loin ; ribs well sprung, with good heart room 
and capacity for lung development. Do not be a crank and buy or raise nothing but feH : I woidd 
rather liave a good hog without any feet than good feet without any hog. 

With such pastures as I have described, give one good feed a day of milk and ship-slop or ground 
oats, and two feeds of corn. Keep a box of charcoal and salt under cover where the hogs will have free access to it. Use one-third of a can of 
Lewis's concentrated lye in a barrel of slop once a week. Clean out their pens or sleeping quarters twice a week, and sprinkle thoroughly with 
diluted carbolic acid ; keep the hogs clean. Keept he stock growing from start to finish, always ready for the market, and the results will be both 
surprising and pleasing. 

A good corn and grass farm properly stocked and managed as above will pay the investor a larger dividend than any other business, (food 
hogs will make good money ; poor hogs will lose money. 

(93) 




.Jumbo. 11,80a; by .\valanche, ll.^H. 
(Owiu'd by Hon. T. A. Hubbiird. Rome, K:is.) 



THE KANSAS HORSE. 



BY JUDflE S. W. VANDIVERT. 

No INDUSTRY ill Kansas has greati-r i)ossil)ilities than tlie procUietion of the horse. And no Stale in the 
Union can outrival this in that direction. It lias lieen demonstrated l>eyond even room for cavil, that the 
horse develops here into his hest type. The climate, the soil, the many days of sunshine and freedom from 
extreme cold and storm, favor rapid growth and full development. 

Draught horses mature here large, stout, and .sound, with the best of feet, bone, and sinew. The few 
who have stocked up well with the highest grade of draught breeds have met with unqualified success, though 
high prices of choice seed stock in the past have limited the industry to narrow confines relatively, and many 
have been breeding up, with not indifferent success, from comparatively low grades. 

The coach and heavier carriage horse 



1 


- 


* 








5iJft.fli 


^ 










^K 




^^^ 







REGISTERED STALLIONS OWNED BY EDWARDS EROS., LARNED. 



have of late been commanding some 
attention, and with large returns to 
those fortunate enough to have the __ 

right kind of blood and animals to pro- 
duce from. It is a marvel what fine specimens of this rapidly becoming popu- 
lar type have been evolved from the mixed class of stock in the country. 
It presages great things for the future when breeders acquire the knowledge 
and means more universally of pushing this line for what there is in it. 

But for the light harness horse this State is a veritable paradise. The 
history made in a decade or two of limited attention in this direction, and 
with meager outlay and resources to start with, is sufficient proof of this 
proposition. It was left for "Smuggler," nurtured, matured and developed 
on Kansas soil, to set a new mark for champions to aim at, and when the 
world got done wondering and under new conditions prepared the way for 
something faster, .Joe Patohen and John R. Gentry, the two stallion kings, 
without peers or rivals, came forward and raised the standard to its present 
high notch. And it is not making any rash prediction to venture the asser- 
tion that as advance is made from time to time Kansas will be to the front, 
and maintain the reputation she has already made. It is almost superfluous 

iSlI) 



to note that with the multitudes of horses of firstrclass breeding and reputation, 
doing stud duty in various parts of the State, and the many good matrons in the 
harems, foundation work lias been done and is being iloue for a superstructure far 
eclipsing anything ever essayed in the past. The panic in prices, working a great 
loss and even disaster in many sections, has been, on the whole, a boon to this 
State, as it placed within reach of persons of moderate means, breeding-stock of 
the choicest kind, and rendered available blood that high prices hitherto prohibited 
and rendered inaccessible to but a rare few. Now and henceforth the community 
of average wealth and enterprise will be possessed of enough of the bluest blood 
extant to revolutionize entirely the class of horses produced, while the head centers, 
where larger wealth, enterprise and intelligence prevail, will be supported and sus- 
tained with rich and ample resources to draw from, such as never before was possible. 

The Kansas horse of to-day and the future is in no wise what he was in the past, 
or what he would have been without an extraordinary combination of circumstances 
to make him. It is worthy of special note, also, that he can be produced at as little, 
and perhaps at less e.xpense than in any other section of the continent. Many con- 
ditions conspire to bring this about. The price of land, of feed, forage and grain of 
all kinds, is one thing. The limited expenditure required in the way of providing 
housing and shelter, is another thing. The number of days in a year that a horse 
can be in use, in active training and development for the purpose he is being fitted 
for, is also a very important item. Long seasons of enforced idleness, close sta- 
bling and heavy feeding, covered tracks and such accessories, are unneeded and 
unthoughtrof things in Kansas, however ambitious any one may be to excel. 

Another natural advantage is in the high elevation and lighter atmosphere, 
which favors large lung development, so that horses going to the lower altitudes 
from here experience an exhilarating and stimulating effect, making them mucli 
superior to those produced in such altitudes. 

With all these favoring circumstances, and the rich and rare strains of blood 
now in use and widely distributed, and the intelligent and progressive class of 
men representing and pushing the industry, the Kansas horse is destined to fill a 
still higher niche in the temple of horse fame than he has hitherto occupied, aud 
will pass from the national reputation he now holds to world-wide renown. Arabia, 
the blest, holds no crown Kansas may not aspire to wear. 

(95) 




H. C. LICUTENTHALER. W. C. HILTS. W. C. EDWAUDS. F. J. MATHIAS. 

G. A. SELLS. J. Q. EDWARDS. P. D. TAYLOR. H. PORTER. 

"THE COYOTE GLEE CLUB," OF LARNED. K.\SS.\S. 
Organized by W. C. Edwards, on the 11th day of .January, 1876, has 
been a potent factor in every political canipaiirn. National and State, 
during the past twenty years, and starts out on^ixs Ulajority year by at- 
tending the National Convention at St. Louis, Mo. 



THE FUEL OF KANSAS. 



BT PROF. E. IIAWOKTH. OF THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS. 



COAL. 

• 

Gkoorapiiic Extent. — Kansas abounds in coal, no less tlian twenty-four counties having it in sufficient quantities to 
pay for operating mines. At tlie present time, mining operations are actually carried on in twenty of the counties. The 
southeastern part of the .State has been most favored by nature in the production of this most valuable mineral product. The 
two counties, Cherokee and Crawford, in 18fl4 pi'oduced nearly 3,000,000 tons, with a valuation of more than three and a half 
million dollars at the mine. One single mine at Frontenao produced over eight million bushels, with a value at the mine of 
considerably over .'B+00,000 ; while a single mine in Cherokee county did nearly as well, producing over five million bushels 
in 1894. Leavenworth and Osage counties are almost a tie for third place, while Linn county has fifth place. The other 
coal-producing counties, named in alphabetical order, are: Atchison, Bourbon, Brown, Chautauqua, Cloud, Coffey, Elk, Ells- 
worth, Franklin, Labette, Lincoln, Lyon, Republic, Russell, Shawnee; while it is known that coal exists in sufficient quan- 
tities to pay for working in Douglas. Montgomery, Neosho and Wilson counties. 

Geologic Position. — Throughout the eastern part of the State the coal appears in the true coal measures, the same 
geological formation which produces so much good coal in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, and other well-known coal- 
mining localities. Farther west it occurs in the cretaceous formations, the same as the heavy coal-fields of western Texas and 
other localities producing the brown coals. The coal in Cherokee, Crawford and Leavenworth counties is the lowest down 
geologically. Then comes in the ascending order the Fort Scott coal, the Linn county coal and the coal about Thayer, followed by that found in 
Franklin and Atchison counties, then the long belt known as the Osage coal, which stretches through Osage county and to the northeast and south- 
west to the limits of the State ; while the cretaceous coals to the west are much higher up. The geologic age of the Kansas coals, therefore, is all 
that could be desired, corresponding with all the best coals of America and the world. 

CnAKACTER OF THE CoAi,. — In character all of the coals in the State are bitumiuous,;and many of them are the best grades of soft coal known 
in the great Mississippi valley. About the average composition of the Cherokee aud Crawford county coals is as follows : Water, 1.94 per cent.; 
volatile matter, 36.77 per cent.; fixed carbon, :>2A5 per cent.; ash, 8.84 per cent.; while a number of analyses have been made which give even a 
better showing than this. The coking quality of this coal is good, the coal sometimes yielding as high as (53 per cent, coke, while the best Pennsyl- 
vania coal yields but a fraction over 66 per cent. For metallurgical pVirposes it is first-class, as repeated analyses have shown that it contains only 
a minimum of sulphur and almost no phosphorus whatever. 

Pkobabi-k Future op Coai.-Minino in Kansas, — With the rapid increase of coal-mining during the last few years, it seems that we have 
■ every reason to look forward to a continued increase in the future. The many industries depending upon coal are all rapidly increasing. The zinc- 

(9(3) 




smelting incliistry and railroading are perhaps the two greatest consumers of Kansas coal. Each of these is rapidly on the increase. Within the- 
last year the M. K. & T. RIy. has opened mines in Cherokee county from which coal is taken to supply a large portion of the whole system, while 
other roads are constantly increasing the distance to which they take the Kansas coal for firing. The zinc-smelting industry is rapidly increasing, 
and prohably will continue doing so for many years to come. The general trade also is widening, so that the Kansas coal is every year being taken 
a little further away from the mines to snpply the general markets. In every way, then, the demand for coal seems to be likely to increase. 

An important question, therefore, is, can the increased demand be supplied? It may well be said that it can. It is known beyond uncer- 
tainty, that in each of the heavy producing counties much most valuable 
coal laud is still entirely undeveloped, land that has as good coal under it 
as any which has yet been mined, and coal in as thick beds and in as con- 
venient locations. Such lands can now be bought for little more than tlieir 
selling price as farm lands. It is difficult to find a better place to invest 
money than in such Lands. Should the purchaser wish to mine the coal, the 
history of almost every mining company in the State shows what can be 
done in that line. But should he not care to work the mines, all that will 
be necessary to obtain a good profit on the investment is to rent the land for 
farming during a few years, when the appreciation in value which is sure to 
come will make the investment a good one. Those best informed on the 
subject are sure that in a short time practically all the good coal lands of 
the Mississippi valley will be taken up, when a very rapid appreciation in 
values is sure to follow. 



OIL AIM D Q AS. 




Kansas & Texas Coal Compast's JIine No. 23. 
(General Oftices. Kansas City, Mo.) 



From the earliest settlements in Kansas, may have believed that our 
State would some day become a great producer of both petroleum and natural 
gas. Such beliefs were founded on the various indications of their existence in many parts of the eastern half of the State. Oil springs and gas 
springs were noticed in considerable abundance. 

We now know that such hopes were well grounded, for the recent developments have abundantly shown that both products are present in large 
quantities. Oil has been found in such large quantities in the vicinity of Neodesha, Independence, Thayer, and other places, that all the large tanks 
built to temporarily hold the product until refineries could be erected are now full to overflowing, and others are being built. The Forest Oil Com- 
pany, reported to be a branch of the Standard Oil Company, has bought large possessions in the oil fields and is pushing prospecting with much 
greater vigor than had been shown before anywhere in the district. This is considered by those familiar with the methods of the Standard Oil Com- 
pany as being a most hopeful sign, as they are most widely known for their astuteness in judging of oil territory. 



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Gas has been produced over a wider rauge of territory than has oil. Twelve or fifteen different towns and cities are almost entirely heated and 
lighted by natural gas, and the number thus supplied is increasing every year. lola, Osawatoraie, Paola, Cherry vale, Independence, Coffey ville and 
Neodesha may be mentioned as representative places where gas is extensively used. 

Geogkaphic Extent. — The territory over which either oil or gas or both have been found covers about 8,500 square miles, and is located in the 

southeastern part of the State. It may be approximately bounded as follows : From Kansas City draw a line to Lawrence, a distance of 40 miles, then 

pass in a sinuous line to Sedan, near the south side of the State, in Chautauqua county. Nearly all the State to the south and east of these two 

. lines may be considered productive excepting about 500 square miles in the extreme southwest corner. Every county included in the above has 

produced one or the other of the products. 

Gkology of the Oil and Gas. — The geologic conditions under which the oil and gas exist are easily understood. Covering the greater por- 
tion of Cherokee and Crawford counties is a heavy bed of shale about 450 feet thick, known as the Cherokee shales, which dip to the west about 20 
feet to the mile. The formations lying above them outcrop to the southeast along lines trending northeast and southwest. The Cherokee shales pass 
under these upper formations in the vicinity of Girard and Oswego, and are reached by drilling at all points to the west and northwest, as has been 
shown by every deep well bored in the whole territory. Nearly all the oil and gas has been found within these Cherokee shales, although small 
quantities have been found in some of the overlying formations. In fact, a few good wells for both oil and gas have not been carried down to the 
Cherokee shales, but stopped in the overlying shales. All the shale-beds carry more or less sandstone. As the latter is usually porous, it affords 
underground space for the gas to accumulate in, and therefore both products are usually found in the sandstone, the oil- and gas-sands of the 
prospector. 

Prob.\ble Future Production. — There is not a single geologic condition known in the whole territory which need be looked upon as a bad 
indication ; so we have good reason to hope that the whole territory above outlined as productive may some day prove to be exceedingly valuable. 
This being the case, it will readily be seen that there are great possibilities in the line of investments in this part of the State. No one can say to a 
certainty that any particular farm may not sometime become exceedingly productive, and hence exceedingly valuable. It should be clearly under- 
stood that the development of the territory is still in its infancy, and that great possibilities, founded on what has already been shown, await the 
future of the territory. 

Kansas stands unicjue in many of her resources. In addition to her valuable mineral deposits, and her splendid building-stone, quarries of 
which are found at Strong City and Winfield, a glacial gravel deposit of great value has been found in Johnson county. It is estimated that the 
bank contains more than a million cubic yards, and goes to a depth of 60 feet. The gravel is of all grades, from sand to boulders. These are 
separated by machinery, and the larger rock is crushed. The bank also contains a natural cement — oxide of iron and ochre — which, combined 
with the gravel, makes a compact body, and is most excellent material for road-ways and sidewalks. The drive-ways about the State Capitol at 
Topeka are constructed of this material, and it looks to be indestructible. It is also used for roofing purposes, with good results. The Kansas City 
Bank Gravel Co. own these remarkable deposits, and though they have been pushing the industry for several years, the deposit seems practically 
inexhaustible. The material in drive-way or sidewalk seems quite as desirable as asphaltum, and has the additional merit that it does not "wear 
out," but improves, hardening with usage and years. 

(98) 



KANSAS LEAD AND ZINC MINING INTERESTS. 



BY HON. W. F. 9APP. 



From this great agricultural commonwealth, producing millions of bushels of grain per annum, there comes the astonishing'statement, backed 
by the official figures found in the United States census for 1890, and the annual report for 1895, that in the production of zinc ore, and the manu- 
factured product called spelter, Kansas leads all other States. 

In the southeastern corner of the State, in Cherokee county, where the Ozark water-shed ends in Spriug river, and on the left bank of that 
stream, are the richest and most productive lead and zinc mines in the world. That this statement is susceptible of proof, no one will deny who has 
visited the mines and made an examination of the subject. Official statistics of zinc production in the United States for 1895 show the total produc- 
tion to be 89,686 short tons, against 75,328 in 1894. By States the figures are as follows, the first set representing 1895 and the second 1894: East- 
■ern 9,484, against 7,400; Soutliern 3,697, against 1,376; Illinois and Indiana 37,733, against 38,973 ; Kansas 35,775, against 35,588; Missouri 14,998, 
against 11,992. 

The fact t'hat so large an amount of zinc is taken from a territory less than six miles square, which at the same time produces twenty-five mil- 
lion pounds of lead ore per annum, challenges attention both of capital and labor, and both ask. What is the value of this product? How is it 
produced? 

To answer these questions fairly, requires a complete statement of the mining industry. The mere statement of the fact that the wage pay- 
roll at Galena averages thirty-five thousaud dollars per week, paid each Saturday night in cash (no store orders), would be a partial answer to the 
first question. 

Lead and zinc ores are found side by side, intermingled with flint rock, at from forty to one hundred and forty-five feet from the surface (that 
being as deep as the mining has extended ). 

The time required to sink a shaft depends on the hardness of the ground, and costs from two to five dollars per foot, according to depth. A 
shaft is generally four and one-half feet wide by six and one-half feet long. The first ten feet is thrown out with a shovel, when a windlass is put 
«n and that used to hoist the dirt, until about the depth of forty feet, after which a one-horse bolster is put up and used for that purpose until the 
shaft is seventy-five feet deep. Then, if the ore is rich, a steam holster is erected, capable of hoisting one hundred tons per day. When ore is discov- 
ered, the shaft is sunk down into it until a sufficient "face" is opened up — fifteen to twenty feet being a good face. Then a drift is started. At first 
the drift is narrow, but is widened eight to ten feet from the shaft, so as to permit four to six men to work in the face, as shown in the picture of the 
Galena Mining Camp. The tools used are steel drills one and one-fourth to one and one-half inches in diameter, and running from eighteen inches to 
six feet long ; hammer, weighing six to eight pounds ; and spoons and sand-pumps, to clean out the drill-holes. When a hole is the necessary depth, 
it is filled with dynamite cartridges, and fired, either with a fuse and cap or with an electric battery. The ore is then put in tubs, run on little cars to 
the shaft, hoisted to the surface, and then cleaned. There are two ways of cleaning ore, both based on the same principle. One is known as 

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MINING PLANT. 



STEAM CRUSHING PLANT. 
HAND-JIGS FOR CLEANING ORE. 



INTERIOR OF MINE. 



LEAD AND ZINC MINING CAMP. GALENA. 



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'■• liand-jig," and the other "steam-jig" cleaning. A hantl-jig is a water-tight tank, 5 feet wide, 6 feet long, and 2)^ feet high, in the center of 
■which is a sieve-bottomed box 4J'j feet long, 2 feet wide, and 9 to 12 inches deep. This is hung to one end of the jig-pole so that it works up and 
down in the water-tank. The operator takes the other end of the pole and shakes the jig-box containing the ore up and down in the water, thereby 
settling the lead to the bottom of the jig-box; the zinc, being lighter than lead, settles "next, and the flint rises to the surface. In steam-jig cleaning, 
all the rock containing ore is run through a crusher and rolls, and is then run tiirough large jig-tanks. The water, being forced tfirough the sieves 
iipon which the ore rests, settles it to the bottom, the lead coming out iu one discharge pipe, the zinc in another, the waste passing out of tlie building. 

The number of men employed to operate a mine is 3, necessary .to sink a shaft to 30 if a large steam-jig crusher, like the plant shown in the 
illustration, is used to clean the ore. The wages of miners are from SI. .50 to $2.M per day. according to the kiud of labor performed. 

Having explained the mode of sinking a shaft, the mining and cleaning the ore, and the expeuse, let us turn to the question of development. 

These mines were discovered in 1S77, aud were worked in a desultory way for quite a number of years; and, up to 1880, the tools used and the 
process of taking out the ore were of a very primitive character. Miners took out ore and sold it at any obtainable price. In that year larger discov- 
eries were made, aud new energy was put into the mining industry. New appliances for taking out and cleaning the ore were introduced, reducing 
tlie cost of production, until it was demonstrated that the Kansas fields of ore were rich compared with others; that it was only a question of time 
■when the industry would reach enormous proportions, and Kansas would outstrip all others in the production of the raw material, and would become 
a competitor in the markets of the world, with the mines of Spain, Belgium, and Germany. These liopes have been realized, and now we .ship zinc 
ore, to be smelted, to the factories of Belgium, in competition with the great mines of Huelva, in Spain — assuring us that the industry can be in- 
creased without chance of an over-production. The reason is very simple. Our ore is found very near the surface, while the ore in the European 
mines is found at from 1,200 to 2,000 feet deep, requiring immense pumping and hoisting plants to take it out, the cost of putting in and maintain- 
ing these enormous plants liaising the first cost of the ore to nearly double the cost to produce it here. 

And still the industry is in its infancy. All classes of men, rich aud poor, are going to Galena aud making investments from which they realize 
fortunes. Let me cite an instance, one of many that I call to mind : Two poor miners went at work sinking a shaft, being '-grub-staked" by two 
ladies, each to have a fourth in case of discovery. They worked early aud late, aud at .seventy-two feet discovered ore. and in four moyths declared 
dividends aggregating $30,000. This was three years ago, and the mine is still being operated, bringing to its owners handsome profits each week. 
There are more tlian three hundred paying mines here now, and new- discoveries are being made every day, and yet there are tliousauds of acres of 
imworked, nudeveloped land waiting for the pick and shovel, that are just as good, so far as outward appearances go, as that now producing mil- 
lions of pounds per annum. 

The right to mine this laud can be obtained by simply "asking," at a nomiual rent on the ore produced, the leases ranging in duration from ,5 
to 20 years; or, the land can be purchased tor from .$10 to 8100 per acre. 

In the midst of this mining activity, this push aud energy, lies the city of Galena, a city that did not feel the panic, a city that has no bonded 
debt, with money in its treasury, a city with stone sidewalks, streets paved with the flintrrock which comes from the mines, a flue city hall, electric 
lights, water-works aud an electric street railway in course of construction, a place where labor is always employed at fair wages and capital can 
always find safe investment. 



/^BSi3i^ V^k 



HEALTH FULNESS OF KANSAS. 



BY C. F, MEXNINGEB. M. D., MEJIEEK OF KANSAS STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 




1 

■^ Thekk are few regions iu existence where life from the cradle to the grave — the latter only reached at the 

^ natural declining periods of man — where existence is so little beset with the quicksands of disease, or the 

"factors of physical degeneration, as in that great rectangular division of land, comprising over eighty-one 
thousand square miles, lying on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains — Kansas, the sanitary El Dorado 
* of the West. Every sanitary and hj'gienic requirement for the preservation of the best of health is here met 

by natural physical conditions. Situated about midway of the north temperate zone, equally distant from 
the two great oceans, and in the very center of the Union, it slopes gently from an altitude of 3,500 feet 
above the level of the sea to an elevation of 500 feet, toward the land of the rising sun. Its beaming, ruddy 
face is kissed by the winds that come uninterruptedly from the north, th? east, and the south, while from 
the west its champagne air is tossed about with delightful freshness and exhilaration. Its surface is a har- 
mony of undulations. With broad, rolling prairies and gradually rising elevations or divides, its drainage is 
the most perfect in the world. Prodigal streams from the base of the Rockies hurry homeward to the 
Father of Waters. No stagnant pools, notorious for their disease-producing powers, are to be met with, 
and malarious marshes are unknown. 
An early investigator said of Kansas years ago: "It rises gradually from its eastern to its western boundary, attaining an altitude of 3,500 feet 
above the level of the sea. The height of the Cumberland Mountain plateau in Tennessee is only one thousand feet above the miasmatic bottom of 
the Tennessee river which flows at its base, and its average altitude above the ocean about eighteen hundred feet, which is less than the average 
altitude of western Kansas above the same level. The former is famous as a resort for invalids — the latter will be more famous whenever its ad- 
vantages are fully kuowu." What was predicted has come to be a fact of general acceptation. These views have been borne out by the experiences 
of our oldest and best physicians. An atmosphere so pure that it will preserve fresh meats in hot weather, without salting, is found in the western 
portions of this State. Here we have a region remarkably free from malaria, with an atmosphere peculiarly adapted to the cure of consumption, 
asthma and bronchitis, and which "not only stimulates the nerve centers, invigorating the body, giving greater volition and physical power, but 
exhilarates the mind, increasing cheerfulness, sociability, and thought." 

Pure air and sunshine are the greatest health-giving agents that can be enjoyed by man. Kansas is especially rich in them. Whole months 
without a single cloud to hide the sun for a brief half-hour are the heritage of the residents of this State. The cool nights, often bringing refreshing 
showers, stand in marked contrast to the clear, bright summer days, fanned by the prairie breezes. No land on the globe has such wondrous days- 
and nights, is so rich in health-giving properties, so magnificent in beauty. The geographical, geological and meteorological facts observable in this- 
State all bear unchallengeable testimony to its sanitary excellence. 



(i«) 



Since its Statehood, Kansas has uot had a single epidemic of contagions or infectious diseases of any consequence. In its Territorial age there 
were a few imported cases of cholera. These were the first and only cases of that disease that have ever existed within its domain. The filth or 
zymotic diseases are rarely to be found ; in fact, are not to be compared to those found in the Eastern States. Geuniue typhoid fever is of exceed- 
ingly rare occurrence. Yellow fever has never been known. 

Diseases of childhood are very generally benign, and the mortality very low in comparison with other localities. 

Tuberculosis, pneumonia, asthma and bronchitis find in the pure air and clear, bright sunshine of Kansas the natural antidote and cure. Hun- 
dreds and thousands of once weak-lunged persons who have reaped the benefit of this elixir-of-life climate testify to this fact. 

In short, all statistics, as well as geographical, geological and meteorological facts, testify to the healthfulness of Kansas. 

Another reason for the great superiority of Kansas over other States in health- 
fulness is the perfect system of sanitary machinery in constant operation within its 
domain. The civil authorities, appreciative of the value of good health in the eco- 
nomics of this State, have not been tardy nor half-hearted in instituting and perfect- 
ing the best system of health boards in the world. Out of the one hundred and five 
counties of this State, one hundred have organized health boards and local health of- 
ficers. Two of the remaining counties unorganized have no physician resident within 
their limits. Reports are received from these local health officers by the State Board 
of Health every quarter, or oftener as the occasion may demand. For the last quar- 
ter of last year reports have been received from every organized board except one. 
By this system of perfect organization the State of Kansas has been able to point with 
pride to the exceptionally perfect state of health within her limits. No contagious n<ir 
infectious diseases are brought into her territory; they have never originated therein 
— are always imported; are not permitted to exist twenty-four hours until they are 
reported to the local and thence to the State Board of Health. And by their perfect 
co6peration in the enforcement of the most approved sanitary measures, the outbreak is confined to the original case, and eradicated. 

The utmost stress is laid upon the health authorities of our cities, in order that they may be free from diseases. All cities of the first and 
second class of this State have municipal health boards, whose energies have been unfailing in maintaining the highest state of health for their ii - 
spective cities. 

These are a few reasons why Kansas can boast of her healthfulness. 




LIVING SFECIUENS OF KANSAS HEALTH. 



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KAF1R=C0RN. 



ET HON. SCOTT E. WINNE. 

KArm-coi!N, embraciug iiuite an extended variety of plants — most prominent among which are red 
Kalir-coru, white Kafir-corn, niilo maize, Egyptian rice corn, and Jerusalem corn — is no longer an experi- 
ment in this State, but has already taken its place in the front rank as one of the most valuable crops we 
raise ; and as we become better aciiuainted with it, its merits become more and more apparent, because of its 
general utility for a variety of purposes, and the quality it possesses of making a crop under adverse condi- 
tions where other crops fail. According to the law of the survival of the fittest. King Kafir is bound in the 
near future to contest with Kiug Corn for supremacy, and King Corn will have to look well to his laurels if 
King Kafir does not entirely outdistance him in the race. The great difference in its favor, and the one 
that adapts it to sections liable to dry weather, is that it sends out more than one llower-statk, and if one is 
killed others develop. Every farmer knows that the pollen from the tassel of Indian corn must fall upon 
the silk of the coming ear, or else there will be no grains formed. In the very best corn sections of the 
country a few days' drouth in silkiug-time will arrest the development, and as a consequence a few "nub- 
bins" only are formed where otherwise there would have been full ears. No amountof rainfall afterwards 
can remedy the failure of fertilization. The crop is ruined. Not so with Kafir-corn. If dry weather overtakes it, it stops growing and simply 
waits for moisture for development, and if rain comes three or four weeks after the Indian corn is killed it goes on and matures a crop. If the 
flower-stalks are killed, it sends out new ones to take their place. I have seen Kafir-corn mature a crop of 40 to 50 bushels per acre, right by the 
side of Indian corn that was killed by drouth so that not even a nubbin was matured. I have seen as high as a dozen flower-stalks on one plant, 
every one having been sent out at different times during the season. One reason for its greater vitality is found by an examiuation of the roots of 
the plant. It sends its roots downward often 18 to 20 inches, and a great mass of small rootlets fill the earth, thus enabling it to sustain life under 
conditions where Indian corn would be entirely ruined. It thrives on almost any kind of soil, and will grow and mature a crop on soil that would 
not produce Indian corn in the most favorable years. It will grow on sod, on the hill-tops, in saudy and gravelly soil — not so well, of course, as 
upon better soil, but it will live and produce a crop where Indian corn, wheat or oats would fail. 

Another great point in its favor is its utility for other purposes than feed. It may not be very generally known, but it is nevertheless a fact, that 
Kafir-corn is to a considerable extent Indian corn, wheat, oats, and hay, all in one. Sown in drills a few inches apart, it produces a crop of from 
three to seven tons to the acre of the finest hay. All kinds of stock like it and thrive upon it. Planted in rows and tended like Indian corn, it pro- 
duces more fodder and of a better quality, and in addition produces a seed crop of from 40 to 70 bushels per acre under average conditions. This 
-seed seems to have the fat-producing (pialities of Indian corn and the muscle-producing qualities of oats. Hogs and cattle can be fattened upon it; 
Jiorses like it, and stand driving and work as well upon it as upon other kinds of grain. Chickens and other fowls thrive upon it : and in addition, 



(101) 



it can be ground and made into a very palatable food for man. Already in many place.s Kafir cakes can be had at the hotels, Kafir flour is on sale 
-at the grocery stores, and Kafir bread can be bought at the balieries. I have eaten Kafir bread that was as light as any wlieat flour would make, 
and while a little darlcer than wheat bread, was very palatable, .lerusalem corn makes a l)etter flour, and whiter ; in fact, I have seen some loaves 
■of Jerusalem corn bread recently that I would as soon have upon my table as the finest wheat bread. When we take into consideration the sureness 
of the crop, the yield per acre, the low cost of production (which is less than one-half tliat of wheat), the fact that Kafir-corn flour was unknown as 
a product but a few months ago, comparatively, and tliat it is now only in its experimental stage, who can say that in the near future, with im- 
proved machinery for grinding and a greater knowledge and better methods of handling it by our millers, Kafir-corn in its various varieties will not 
■enter into competition with wheat as a food product in the markets of the world ? 

Another interesting point just being called into general notice is that Kafir-corn makes excellent pop-corn. It 
has a sweeter taste than pop-corn, and that little hard knot in each kernel which is disagreeable in pop-corn is absent 
in popped Kafir-corn. 

As showing its relative value with common corn, the following table, compiled by F. C. Burlis, of tlie Kansas 
State Agricultural College, shows the comparative yields of Indian corn and Kafir-corn daring the past seven years: 






Red Eafir-Corn. 


Corn. 




Year. 


Grain per Acre, 
Bushels. 


Stover per Acre, 
Tons. 


Gr;nu per Acre, 
Bushels. 


Slover per Acre, 
Tons. 




1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 


71.00 
19.00 
98 . 00 
50.00 
49.00 


9.00 
4.20 
6.00 
5.00 
5.25 
2.00 
1.53 


56.00 
22.00 
74.00 
30.00 
30.00 


2.50 
2 . 50 
2 . 9"> 
4.55 
1.75 
1.00 
1.64 




189.5 


43.07 


23 76 




Average . . . 


*5.5.01 


4.71 


*39.12 


2.41 





KAFIR-CORN. 



* Average of six years. 

" By this it is seen that the yield of Kafir-corn was very much larger than that of 
corn in five out of the six years, and the same as to the Kafir-corn forage every year. 



In 




JErtUSALEM CORN. 



fact, the Kafir-corn yielded about 41 per cent, more grain and nearly 95 per cent, more fodder than the corn. The poor 
.showing for both varieties in 1890 was due to a destructive frost on September 12th. In 1894 the failure of grain 
cu both varieties was due to there being no appreciable rain from tlie middle of July to September 1st, and the fact that the crops side by side on 



(105) 



alternate plats were in a poor upland-prairie soil underlaid wiih hard pan. Yet, under these adverse circumstances, 
the Kafir-corn yielded double the quantity of fudder that was obtained from the corn.'' 

Compared by analysis, the following table, prepared by G. H. Failyer, Professor of Chemistry at the State E.\- 
periment Station, will throw additional light upon the subject: 



Grain or. Fodder. 



Shelled corn 

Sorghum seed 

Kafir-corn seed 

Porn fodder, without ears 

Sorghum fodder, whole plant . . . 
Kafir-corn fodder, without heads 



Substances that produce 
only He.at and Fat, and 
support Muscular Effort. 



Substances that can form 

Nitrogenous Products, 

such as Muscle and the 

Curd of Milk. 



81.7 per cent. 


10.5 per cent. 


77.9 


9.1 


80.7 


10.9 


57.1 


6.4 


61.4 


6.5 


53.3 


6.6 




As will be seen, from the purely chemical standpoint, corn stands first among the grains in fat^producing quali- 
ties, Kafir-corn second, and sorghum last; but the differences are too small to be of practical importance. The dif- 
ference in the yield and its other qualities readily give it the first rank when taken into consideration. 

In conclusion, I desire to say that in my opinion Kafir-corn, the sorghums and alfalfa effectually solve the 
problems that have so long perplexed the people of that portion of the West where the rainfall is not always sufficient amber sobghum. 

at the necessary time to insure a crop of Indian corn. By raising forage crops and feeding stock, supplemented by 

creameries, there is no portion of the State of Kansas where capable, energetic men cannot become independent. Even the far-western portioD 
is likely, with the aid of King Kafir, to develop in the near future into prosperous communities of farmers and stock-growers. 




HOMES IN PAWNEE COUNTY. 
(106) 



I 




ALFALFA AND CATTLE=RAI5INQ IN WESTERN KANSAS. 



BY HON. J. H. CHURCHILL. PRESIDENT KANSAS IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION. 



Alfalfa lias for many years been grown with more or less success in most of the States of the Union. 
For centuries it has been cultivated in countries across the seas. The early Greeks and Romans sung its 
praises. In Italy, Switzerland, France, Spain, and parts of Asia, it has been the most successful crop for 
forage. Wherever the soil and climate were favorable to its growth, it has been the most successful of 
grasses grown. The alfalfa farmers the world over have been successful, and alfalfa lands rate higher 
per acre than that for any other crop. The alfalfa farm is a dividend-paying investment through all kinds 
of seasons, an insurance against hail, as well as a guarantee from drouth. I have seen a field in bloom 
cut to the ground by a June hail, and in less than thirty days blooming again, ready for the harvest. 
What other crop will do that? When a field is once set, there is no more plowing, harrowing, seeding 
and cultivating that piece of ground. The annual work consists of the pleasant task of harvesting three 
or four crops of the finest and most nutritious hay grown. In all the countries where alfalfa has been 
raised, it has never reached a fuller 



development or attained better re- 
sults than along the valleys and irrigated highlands of western Kansas. 
It has brought more real prosperity to the farmers of this section, notwith- 
standing the low price of products, than the same class of farming else- 
where, for the reason that, adjoining the alfalfa laud in the valleys, the 
high prairies open out, covered with tjie luxuriant buffalo and gramma 
grass — the natural grazing-ground for cattle. As high as thirty dollars per 
acre has been cleared from the seed alone on the alfalfa grown. The cattle 
from the prairie clean up the fieW of threshed alfalfa straw and hay, thus 
bringing a good and sure return, as it is fed out to stock through the winter. 
It is the combination of the two industries — the growing of alfalfa ami 
feeding the same to stock — that produces the best results and causes the 
alfalfa farmer to be envied more than all others of his class, for his return 
is greater, with a less expense. The most independent farmers to-day arc 
to be found in western Kansas. They are growing beef cheaper than it can 
be produced in any other section of the United States. Beef is a necessity, 




ALFALFA HATING IN FINNEY COUNTY. 



(107) 




HEREFORD STUCK RANCU OF W. J. ."rKELTOX. 
WAKEENET. 



I have no land to pla:!e on the market, 
time a buyer of alfalfa land when it can be bought at reasonable figures, and 
have no other motive in writing on the above subject than to let those who are 
seeking investment in this line of business know the advantages we possess. 
I believe this is the best paying business in the West to-day. The 
future never looked brighter thau at the present time, for the growers of 
cattle. And I say to the man with two, three or four thousand dollars, who 
likes stock-raising and understands his business, come look at the valleys of 
western Kansas, or on the uplauds subject to irrigation. There are yet 
many locations available that can be bought at a moderate price. We have 
plenty of room for the thrifty and industrious man, even though his capital 
be limited. We have uo place for the lazy and indolent. The lazy man of 
the East, under the bright sunshine of Kansas becomes a lazier man in Kan- 
sas; hence we advise him to remain where he is. 



and the growing of the same is a l)usiness that is not overdone. I believe the conditions were never 
more favorable to embark in the raising of cattle thau at the present lime. We are within a few hours' 
reach of the second largest market in the world. Kansas City. While east of the center of the State 
Inity and fifty cents per head per m jnth is charged for pasture for stock through the summer, grazing 
oil the prairies in the western part of the State is only fifteen cents per head per nioulh. Cattle fed 
oil alfalfa hay through the short winter come through in the finest condition, ready for the new grass 
111 the spriug, thus giving the western ranchman the largest margin of profit. The question may be 
,^sked, When the valleys and lands susceptible to irrigation shall be seeded to alfalfa, what will be 
Moue with the great amount of forage? My reply would be, with the coming of winter bring in the 
r;iitle from the graziug-land, and thus turn every ton of the best hay and forage that can be produced, 
yielding from five to seven tons 
to the acre, at an expense of 
from sixty to seventy cents per 
ton, into the growth of your beef. 
I have been and am at the present 




STEAM PLOW TL'UNING 0\EB TUE VIRGIN SOIL. 



{llW) 




KANSAS SALT INDUSTRY. 



BT HON. FRANK VINCENT. 



I.IKE many of the great discoveries tliat have inured to the benefit of mankind, the finding of our salt 
was an accident. The frenzied spirit of speculation that, in 1887, swept across the Western States like a 
prairie tire, developed the veiy genius of optimism. No commercial project lacked substantial indorse- 
ment. The formation of a "syndicate" with thousands of dollars in hand was the work of but a few 
hours, no matter what the enterprise might be. It was undoubtedly this disposition to tempt fortune to 
the utmost that prompted Ben. Blanchard to sink a gas well in "South Hutchinson," a bustling suburb, 
which had, under the magic of his influence, sprung into existence almost within a night, like Jonah's 
gourd. For there were certainly no such data then in existence as would justify the expenditure of large 
sums of money in the search for natural gas in this locality. It was simply out of a disposition to "take 
?|p the chances " that the gas well project took practical shape. As a matter of fact, a strong flow of natural gas 
* was encountered in this now historic well. Parenthetically, it is not out of place here to remark that ex- 

perts on the natural gas fields of Pennsylvania have since explained to the writer that the developments in 
the Blanchard well warranted a belief in the existence of great quantities of gas at Hutchinson. As they 
have it, if this well had been scientifically handled, that is to say, if the process known as "shooting the well" had been tried, and that under in- 
telligent direction, there is every reason to believe that this well would have produced a valuable and permanent flow of gas. But when the drill 
encountered salt, it created absolute amazement. The steady, monotonous pounding of the drill had been going on for weeks, when Mr. Blanchard 
came into the hotel office one night in the early fall of 1887, and announced that his drill had penetrated a .stratum of solid rock salt; and he anx- 
iously sought information as to the probable value and importance of the discovery. The drill was kept going until a depth of about 800 feet from 
the surface had been reached, and more than 300 feet of salt had been developed. The salt was shown to be in contiguous strata of 10 to 100 feet 
in thickness, interspersed with streaks of shale, slate, and gypsum. 

For some reason the wonderful importance of this discovery was not comprehended by the people of this city at the time, although due promi- 
nence was given to the matter by the newspapers repeatedly. The victims of so much " boom " were disposed to discount very materially the stories 
sent out about the salt discovery. That we had at our feet an instance of the generosity of Nature in one of her most lavish moods, did not occur 
to our people at the time. But the New York manufacturers of salt were quick to realize the importance of the discovery, and prompt to act in a 
practical way. They were soon on the ground, and shortly afterward had anotlier " well" down to the salt, thus proving its existence, in virtually 
unlimited quantities, beyond all doubt. Early in the following spring they had a plant in operation, almost in the heart of the city of Hutchinson, 
and were manufacturing 500 barrels of superior salt daily. Local capital then fell rapidly into line, and "salt plants" dotted the outskirts of the 



(109) 



city. Within a year thereafter, a dozen plants were in operation, employing more than 600 men, manufacturing more than three-quarters of a 
million barrels annually, and shipping the product to all the surrounding States. 

Hutchinson salt had immediately taken a front place in commerce. It required no "pushing." Its superior quality was demonstrated wher- 
ever it came into competition with the product of New York and Michigan, and it was at once a household article throughout the West. The 
most careful analyses by the best chemists in the country have proved Hutchinson salt to be the purest manufactured in the United States. The 
great packers in the West very quickly manifested their appreciation of its quality, and our product has been the uniform favorite with them since 
its introduction. According to the encomiums given it by the 
principal packers of Kansas City and Omaha, our salt has a 
subtle virtue in the curing of meats that is found in no other 
product. Following the extensive manufacture of the common 
"coarse" salt of commerce as just noted, has come an attend- 
ant industry which has already grown to vast proportions, 
namely, the production of refined dairy and table salt. And 
here again Hutchinson has won a magnificent victory. The 
laurels have been wrested from the English refiners, and our 
table salt is found on the hotel tables from New York to San 
Francisco — a monument to the enterprise and skill of our local 
refiners, and a living, undisputed proof that our salt "beats the 
world " for purity and general e.xcellence. 

An attempt will be made to describe in a few words the 
process of manufacture as carried on at Hutchinson, and else- 
where in the State where the evaporation feature is used, so 
that anybody may understand it. 

The rock salt, the upper stratum of which is more than 
400 feet below the surface, is converted into brine while yet in 
its lair, and then brought to the surface for evaporation. The "salt well," through which the brine is brought to the surface, consists, when com- 
pleted, of a straight hole in the ground, something like 800 feet in depth. This well, about eight inches in diameter, has an iron casing from top 
to bottom, except where it passes through an immense stratum of red sandstone. Within this casing stands an iron tube three inches in diameter. 
This tube is connected at the surface with a force pump. The pump, drawing fresh water from a well adjoining, forces it through the tubing to the 
rock salt below. There being no underground outlet for this water when it strikes the salt, it becomes brine and is forced to return to the surface 
in the "jacket" inclosing the tubing, and is thence forced into reservoir tanks, whence it is drawn off into the evaporating "pans" as needed ; and 
it is found to have been transformed, during its trip below, from pure, sweet water to a brine of full saturation, owing to the constant dissolving of 




THE HUTCHINSON SALT COMPANY'S PLANT, HUTCHINSON. 



(110) 



the salt. The evaporating pans are usually SO feet long, 36 feet wide and one foot 
deep. They are made of the best steel, and rest on great furnaces, whence they re- 
ceive a direct heat of high degree. The brine is kept boiling from one year's end 
to another, except when the plant is shut down for repairs. At intervals of two 
hours, workmen armed with long-handled "hoes" draw the constantly-forming salt 
to the s des of the pan. There it is shoveled into carts and wheeled away to the 
warehouses, where it is barreled, after having gone through a "curing" process of 
two to four weeks. Between the reservoir tanks and the evaporating pans, how- 
ever, It should not be forgotten that the brine passes through "settling vats" which 
are heated to a moderate temperature. The impurities, such as gypsum and other 
foreign matter, that the brine may carry in solution, are precipitated in these settling 
vats, and the brine thus reaches the evaporating point in a state of purity. 

A pan such as described will produce 135 barrels each twenty-four hours, and the 
furnaces of each pan will consume about nine tons of coal in the same time. This 
method produces the ordinary barrel salt. This product is carried through the usual 
cleaning and grinding processes for table salt. 

At the present time there are twelve different companies manufacturing salt at 
this place, employing about 800 men daily when the plants are in operation. The 
greatest detriment to the salt industry of Kansas is that the manufacturing cap.icity 
is too great for the market; hence the manufacturer has received very little profit on 
his investment. But the salt consumers in the State of Kansas have saved annually 
about one hundred thousand dollars between the price they formerly paid for Eastern 
salt and the price they have paid the last few years for the Kansas product. 



Col. a. S. Johnson, the first white natiie Kansan, is yet living in Topeka, one of the most 
honored and respected citizens of the State he helped in so large a measure to its greatness. He 
was bom at the old Shawnee Mission. Johnson county, July U, 1832. It was his pleasunt fortune 
to be for many years the energetic and able Land Commissioner of the A. T. & S. F. R. R. , when ln_: 
tanght the world how to manage an immigration bureau, and transformed the plains of Kansas into 
farm lands and happy homes. Through his efforts, Kansas became famous for her display at the 
Centennial, and the sunflower the emblem of success. 




COL. A. S. .lOHNSON. 



(Ill) 




FLAG-BAISING AT NATIONAL SOLDIERS' HOME, LEAVENWORTH, MAY, 1896. 20,000 PEOPLE PRESENT. 

(112) 



FRATERNAL LIFE=INSURANCE ORDERS REPRESENTED IN KANSAS. 



ET HON. WILLIA3I HIGGINS. 

While Kansas people are generally credited with pro^ressiveness, push, and a desire to do every- 
'.h,ng m the present, perhaps no people look more to the fatufe welfare of those dependent upon them 
than the average Kausan, as the rapid growth, success and prosperity of the many fraternal life-in- 
surance assocations having a membership in Kansas indicate. Probably no State, at least no State of 
the age of th.s, has a larger per cent, of fraternal insurance membership than has Kansas, and the 
old-line insurance companies have a large membership. 

There are at this time in our State some Sixteen fraternal life-insurance associations, representing 
a membership in good standing of one hundred and twenty thousand. This does not include manv o°f 
the fraternal orders that have sick and death benefits, but what m'ght be termed straight frate^al 
life-insurance associations or orders, embracing such as the Ancient Order of United Workmen the 
Modern Woodmen, the Knights and Ladies of the Fireside, the Knights and Ladies of Security, and 

the Pyramid Builders. All of these, and 





BIRTHPLACE OP C0NGBE3SMAS CHARLES CURTIS. 
POUBTfl DISTRICT, KANSAS. 



others, are rapidly increasing their niem- 
l)ership in this State, thus not only mutu- 
ally protecting the widows and orphans, but providing for the education of the next 
generation of Kansans. Among the number mentioned, the Aueient Order of United 
Workmen has the largest membership in the State, and is the pioneer order in this line 
of insurance. Since it began business in this country, twenty-seven years ago, it has 
paid in benefits the great sum of two hundred and twenty-eight millions four hundred 
and forty-seven thousand and twenty dollars, in the United States and Canada. The 
other fraternal associations in the State carryiug life insurance, and which would come 
under this subject-matter, are younger in years than this great order, but they are 
growing rapidly, and many of them with a safer policy, which insures a larger mem- 
ijership and a surer protection for those seeking fraternal insurance, for the rea.son 
that younger orders can and do secure younger blood within their ranks. Besides the 
many safe fraternal life-insurance associations doing business in Kansas, there are 
twenty-eight old-line and mutual life insurance companies, and among this class Is 
The Kansas Mutual Life Insurance Company, one of the safest and most reliable 
mutuals in the United States. 

(113) 




INTERESTING SPECIMENS OF KANSAS PRODUCTS. 

(IH) 




FARMING BY HACHINERY IN KANSAS. 



BT HON. D. yr. BLAINE. 



The ease and rapidity with which all kinds of farm work are perfoimed in Kansas, by the use of farm 
machinery, has made the Kansas farmer the envy of all classes. He is sometimes charged with prodigality 
in the purchase of new machinery, but ere we pass judgment on this we should remember that the past 
twenty years has given us, annually, such great improvements in all classes of agricultural implements and 
farm machinery that the progressive, intelligent and industrious faimer recognized that it was economy to 
discard the old for the latest improved. 

With the opening up of the Great West (especially Kansas), it became apparent that the immense area 
of tillable land was too large to be farmed in the old way. The inventor, manufacturer and farmer labored 
together to meet the requirements. The first machines, being largely constructed of wood, doing fairly 
good work in the field, were found to be short-lived, clumsy, and expensive. Gradually, perfection has 
been reached, and all classes of farm implements and machinery are now practically constructed of iron and 
steel — symmetrical in form, light in weight, easily operated, sufficiently strong to withstand the most severe- 
tests, doing the work perfectly, and will, with proper care, serve an ordinary working lifetime. 
The cost of manufacturing has been greatly reduced, and manufacturers are now able to furnish perfected machinery at about one-half '.he' 
prices of the inferior machinery of ten and fifteen years ago. With these conditions existing, it is apparent that the sharpest kind of competition 
will be found on the farm. Work must be done thoroughly and in season, with the least possible expense, and the exercise of rigid economy. This 
can only be accomplished by the use of modern machinery, on tillable land, free from obstructions, etc. 

Kansas offers niore in this respect than any other State in the Union. The surface of her soil is generally level, free from boulders or heavy- 
timber. There is not an acre of swamp land within her borders. The tracts devoted to crops are usually free from fences — the herd law requiring 
that stock be fenced in, not out. Her soil is dark loam, with just enough sand to work freely in plowing or cultivating. All survey lines run north 
and south, east and west, thus dividing the land into perfect squares, the mo.st convenient and economical for farming. 

The intelligent Kansas boy who is able to guide his team, with the double plow, cultivators, planters, harrows, drills, wide-swath mowers, 
rakes, self-binders or headers, accomplishes as much as the strongest man. Farming in Kansas means sitting on a comfortable seat, guiding the 
team and machinery, making farming pleasant as well as profitable. That Kansas is foremost in the use of farm machinery will be understood 
when it is known that two-thirds to three- fourths of all the farm implements sold from Kansas City, which is the largest distributing point of that 
class of machinery in the world, goes to the farmers of Kansas. The farmer who is located in less favored sections of the country, where the sur- 
face is rough and hilly, or obstructed with stones and stumps, has no more show to compete with the Kansas farmer than the old lady with the 
spinning-wheel and hand-loom with the modern spinning and weaving devices used in the bestrequipped factories. 



(116) 




MAJOR TOM' ANDERSON'S FAMO'jS MODOC GLEE CLUB, 



by all. (116) 




KANSAS CITY. 



BT UON. E. M. CLENDENING. SECnETARY OP THE COMMERCIAL CLUB. KANSAS CITY. Mo. 




At the mouth of the Kansas river is the metropolis of the great Southwest — Kansas City. This is 
one of the few cities in this country that have required two States in which to build a city — Missouri and 
Kansas. The dividing-line between these States is an imaginary one, (not the river, as is the general 
impression,) and the visitor to Kansas City, unless thoroughly acquainted with the situation, cannot tell 
whether he is in Missouri or Kansas. 

Kansas City is the namesake of Kansas, and their interests are inseparable. The natural course for 

trade is to seek a market east of it, and Kansas is the great empire which the merchants and business 

men of Kansas City cultivate for the natural outlet of merchandise aud manufactured product ; and while 

this article deals specifically with the interests of Kansas City, Mo., loyal Kansas Cityans acknowledge 

that whatever this city has become in the past thirty years, our greatness is largely attributable to the 

resources of the magnificent State of Kansas. And no higher praise can be accorded the State than that 

it has been a strong factor in building what is acknowledged to-day as one of the most wonderful cities 

in every respect of modern times. 

This Western country derives its prosperity from the products of the soil, and no higher testimonial can be paid to any section of the country 

than that located in Kansas City's territory, for it has contributed to make Kansas City the twenty-fourth city in this country in population, the tenth 

in bank clearings, the first in the sale of agricultural implements, and the second as a live-stock and packing-house center. 

Kansas City's geographical position destined her to become what she is to-day — one of the great distributing markets of the West. Her terri- 
tory is almost unlimited. A city, to be a jobbing market, must have the assortment, price, and quality, and the Kansas City of today is equal to the 
emergency. Dry goods, boots and shoes, clothing, millinery, hats and caps, drugs, paints, oils, agricultural implements, groceries, etc., are found 
in abundance, Five hundred and seventy-five firms are engaged in the jobbing trade of Kansas City. Their sales aggregate $85,000,000 a year. 

The progressive spirit of her merchants has done much to bring Kansas City to her present importance as a jobbing center, but the chief factor 
has been the wealth and extent of the tributary territory and exceptional transportation facilities. Within a radius of 250 miles, Kansas City has a 
population of over three million to supply with the necessities and comforts of life. 

An important commercial pursuit in Kansas City is her live-stock market and packing-bouse product. This is a distinctive industry peculiar to 
Kansas City, and it has many rivals but few superiors. It is the .second largest live-stock market in the world. The Live-Stock Exchange was estab- 
lished in 1871, and the growth of business since that time has been remarkable. One hundred qonimissiun firms have offices in the Live-Stock Ex- 
change building. These firms are all members of the Exchange, and their influence in public aftairs is a poteut factor. In connection with the 
Stock Yards Company is the finest stable in the world for the sale of horses and mules, the receiiits for the past year being 53,607 head. 



(liT) 



Kansas Cilj' has always been more or less of a trading point for the sale of live stock, and as early as 1858 a paekiug-honse was established. 
Not until 18 ro, however, did this business begin to assume the magnitude which is now realized, and which has placed Kansas City as the second 
largest market in the country for packing-house products. The packing-houses of Kansas City kill and dress 3,. '146,800 animals a year. This in- 
dustry represents an invested capital of $15,000,000, with an annual output of $70,000,000, giving employment to 7,000 people at a salary of $t,000- 
000 a year. The amount of business done by the live-stock and packing-house interests in Kansas City alone represents an immense volume of 
trade, the total being $170,000,000 a year. 

Kansas City is a large depot for the receipt and distribution of all kinds of cereals, having an elevator capacity of 4,400,000 bushels, and a 
handling capacity of 900,000 bushels per day. The States of Kansas, Nebraska and Missouri, with Oklahoma Territory, produce "J5 per cent, of all 
the wheat raised in this country, and Kansas City is the natural market for the shipment of this cereal. 

Compare Kansas City's manufacturing industries with any city in the Union, and it will be found that few of them can show such progress and 
development in the same period of time. Less than twenty-five years ago there were no factories here of any importance; to-day more than 500 
are daily adding their testimony to Kansas City as a favorable location for the manufacture of different articles. These factories give employment 
to 17,000 hands; have an invested capital of $30,000,000, the amount of sales being over $85,000,000. A classified list of Kansas City's factories 
develops the fact that this interest is a diversified one. Flour is here produced extensively, one mill having a daily capacity of 4,000 barrels. 
The combined output of Kansas City's mills in 1894 was 1,079,000 barrels, and the corn products 331,500 barrels. 

Manufacturing can be conducted in Kansas City as economically as in any city in the United .Stales, the price of fuel ranging from $l.'i5 to 
$1.75 per ton. Labor is plenty ; taxation low. These all contribute to make Kansas City a desirable place for manufacturing. 

The energetic business men of this wide-awake, pushing, enterprisiug Kansas City of to-day are fortified by a banking capital of $11,300,000, 
with clearings for the year 1895 of $519,900,330. The conservative reasoner must be impres.sed with the volume of Kansas City's business when 
the amount of its bank clearings is considered in comparison with the cities of America. In this respect Kansas City has been swifter in the com- 
mercial race than many of the cities which have been established for years. To-day she has but nine superiors in amount of bank clearings in the 
United States. 

The assessed value of Kansas City property is $82,485,000, while its debt is but $916,647. 

Kansas City is a healthy city. Sanitary laws are enforced, and the death-rate is only ten to a thousand. 

Kansas City is fortunate in its commercial organizations, having the Board of Trade, Keal-Estate Exchange, Live-Slock Exchange, and Builders' 
and Traders" Exchange, each legislating for the special branch of business it represents, for the good of all, unselfish where the interests of the 
city are concerned, and liberal to public enterprises demanding attention. From the members of all these organizations, including representatives 
from every class of busiuess — bankers, manufacturers, merchants — has been formed the Commercial Club, whose sole aim is "to promote the 
progress, extension and increase of the trade and industries of Kansas City." 

Thus armed and equipped with the implements for a commercial warfare, magnificent her resources, with territory unexcelled and location un- 
surpassed, Kansas City, as a part of the grand galaxy of American cities striving for supremacy in the business and social world, is prepared to bat- 
tle with any and all competitors. 

(118J 



OFFICIAL ROSTER. 



OFFICERS UNITED STATES COUKT. 

Judge Circuit Court, Henrj Caldwell, Republican, Little Rock, Ark. 

Judge District Court, C. J. Foster, Rep., Topeka. 

District Attorney, W. C. Perry, Democrat, Fort Scott. 

V. S. Mar.-.hal, Shaw F. Neeley, Dem., Leavinwortli. 

Clerk District and Circuit Court, Geo. F. Sharitt, Rep., Topeka. 



State officers are elected every two years. Present officers, with their 
assistants, residence, and salaries, are as follows : 

CONGKESSIONAI, DELEGATION. 

Senator William A. Peffer, Populist, Topeka S.5,000 

Senator Lucien Baker, Rep., Leavenworth 5,000 

Representative, 1st Dist., Case Broderiek, Rep., Holton 5,000 

Representative, 2d Dist., O. L. Miller, Rep., Kansas City 5.000 

Representative, 3d Dist., S. S. Kirkpatrick, Rep. , Fredonia 5,000 

Representative, 4th Dist, Charles Curtis, Rep., Topeka 5,000 

Representative, 5th Dist., W. A. Calderhead, Rep., Marysville... 5,000 

Representative, 6th Dist., William Baker, Pop., Lincoln 5,000 

Representative, Tth Dist., Chester I. Long, Rep., Medicine Lodge, 5,000 

Representative, at Large, R. W. Blue, Rep., Pleasanton 5,000 

EXECUTIVE OFFICE. 

Governor, E. N. Morrill, Rep., Hiawatha $3,000 

Private Secretary, J. L. Bristovv, Rep., Ottawa 2,000 

Executive Clerk, O. C. Hill, Kep., Hiawatha 1,200 

Stenographer, C. E. Hull, Kep., Topeka 1,000 

Typewriter, Miss Laura Lusk, Rep., Parsons 000 

( 



LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR. 

James A. Troutman, Rep., Topeka; $6 per day during session of Legis- 
lature, and S700 as Chairman Railroad Assessors. 

SECRETARY OF STATE'S OFFICE. 

Secretary of State, W. C. Edwards. Kep., Larned $2,500 

Assistant Secretary of State, T. S. Stover, Rep., lola 1,600 

Chief Clerk, Henry Booth, Rep., Larned 1,200 

Charter Clerk, George Higgins, Rep., Topeka 1,000 

Commission Clerk, T. B. Hiskey, Rep., Colby 1,000 

Recording Clerk, J. T. Botkiu, Rep., Galena ._. 1,000 

Recording Clerk, Chas. S. Martin, Rep., Salina. 1,000 

Stenographer, Mrs. Laura M. Bond, Rep., Kansas City 600 

( Th ■ Secretnry of State keeps a record of all appointments and orders of the 
Governor ; keeps records and files of all charters, leases, and bonds ; writes all com- 
missions, and attests tlie Governor's signature to the same : is Secretary of the 
Executive Cuuncil : and through his office all supplies and printing are ordered.) 

STATE AUDITOR'S OFFICE. 

Auditor Of State, George E. Cole, Rep., Girard $2,500 

Assistant Auditor, Wylie W. Cook, Rep., Oswego 1,600 

Appropriation Clerk, S. R. Tuttle, Rep.. Topeka 1,200 

Loud Clerk, Edgar M. Smith, Kep., Kansas City 1,200 

Land Oftice Clerk, Geo. W. Clark, Rep., Beloit 1,200 

Book keeper, Irving U. Cole, Rep., Girard 1,000 

Stenographer, Nellie W. King, Rep., Kansas City 600 

(The Auditor's office is the accounting office for the State's finances. All bills 
and claims against the State are passed upon and compared with the iippropriationi 
made by the Legislature, before warrants are drawn on the ^tat ■ Tre.i^urer. Dupli- 
cate accounts are kept of all funds in the treasury, and compared monthly with th&t 
office, thus making a check against possible errors. The worls of compiling the a»- 

119) 




CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATION OF KANSAS. 

( '-Jiii 



seesment of railroad property also devolves upon this department, ae do also tbe 
accounts of the school lands, including the plats and field-notes of all surveys of the 
Slate.) 

STATE treasurer's OFFICE. 

State Treasurer, Otis L. Atherton, Rep , Russell $2,500 

Assistant State Treasurer, Geo. M. Seward, Rep., Topefea 1,700 

Bond Clerk, H. E. Overholt, Rep., Topeka 1,200 

Assistant Bond Clerk, W. A. Thomson, Rep., Scott City 1,200 

Stenographer, W. C. Ferguson, Kep., Russell 800 

Book-keeper, C. R. Richej', Rep., McPherson 1,000 

Messenger and Clerk, Raymon Stake, Rep., Topeka 720 

Guard, N. G. Ferryman, Rep., Russell Springs 900 

,; Collects all money due the State, and is the custodian of all bonds belonging to 
the State and State School Fund.) 

. ATTORNKY GENERAL'S OFFICE. 

Attorney General, F. B. Dawes, Rep., Clay Center f2,.50O 

Assistant Attorney General, A. A. Godard, Rep., Topeka 1,600 

Chief Clerk, James Clayton, Rep., Great Bend 1,200 

Stenographer, A. R. Russell, Rep., Clay Center 900 

(The Attorney General is the legal adviser of all departments, and hie opiniom is 
regarded as the law uiiless the Supreme Court rules otherwise.) 

SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION'S OFFICE. 

Superintendent, Edmund Stanley, Rep., Lawrence .82,000 

Assistant Superintendent, H. C. Fellow, Rep., Washington 1,600 

Bond Clerk, C. C. Stanley, Rep., Lawrence 1,200 

Stenographer, Miss M. L. Achenbach, Dem., Topeka 900 

ADJUTANT general's OFFICE. 

Adjutant, S. M. Fox, Rep., Manhattan .fl,500 

Assistant Adjutant, C. P. Drew, Rep., Burlingame 900 

Clerk, Mrs. S. F. Beanlsley. Topeka 900 

(I 



STATE ACCOUNTANT. 

J. E. Challinor, Rep., Kansas City Sl,50(> 

STATE BOARD OF DENTISTRY. 

President, A. W. Davis, Holton. 
Secretary, A. M. Callaham, Topeka. 

STATE GRAIN INSPECTOR. 

A. C. Merritt, Rep., Wamego ". S2,000 

STATE OIL INSPECTOR. 

M. C. Kelley, Rep., Mulberry $1,200 

OFFICIAL STATE PAPER. 

The Topeka Mail and Kansas Breeze. Editors, Arthur Capper, T. J^ 
McNeal, and F. C. Montgomery. 

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 

President, T. M. Potte'r, Rep., Peabody. 

Secretary, F. D. Coburn, Rep., Kansas City 82,000 

Vice-President, A. C. Shinn, Pop., Ottawa. 

STATE BANK COMMISSIONER'S OFFICE. 

Commissioner, John W. Breidenthal, Pop , Enterprise $2,500 

Deputy Commissioner, Frank Osborn, Pop., Howard 1,200 

Deputy Commissioner, M. A. Waterman, Pop., Fort Scott 1,200 

Clerk, R. H. Semple, Pop., Ottawa 900 

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT OP INSURANCE. 

Superintendent, Geo. T. Anthony, Rep., Ottawa 82,000 

Assistant Superintendent, Eustace H. Brown, Rep.. Olathe 1,.')00 

Clerk, Miss Anita Anthony, Rep., Ottawa 900 

UURE.\U OF LABOR STATLSTICS. 

Commissioner, Wm. G. Bird, Rep., Kansas City $1,000 

Assistant Commissioner, Chas. E. Bigelow, Kep., Wichita 800 

1) 



.STATE FOUESTRY STATION. 

C.'mmissioner, G. V. Bartlett, Rep., Uodge City $800 

STATE BOABD OF PUBLIC WORKS. 

President, John Seaton, Rep., Atchison .51,000 

Secretary. Sol. Miller, Rep., Troy 1,000 

Mike Heery, Deni., Topeka 1,000 



STATE BOARD OF PARDONS. 

President, Chas. H. Smith, Rep., Washington, 

Secretary, John C. Caldwell 

J. H. White 

ST.VTE BOARD OF IRRIGATION. 

President, D. M. Frost, Rep., Garden City 

Secretary, W. B. Sutton, Rep., Rossell 

Treasurer, M. B. Tomblin, Pop., Goodlaud 



STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 

President, Taylor E. Rains, Rep., Concordia. 

Secretary, Thos. Kirkpatrick, M. D., Rep., Westphalia 

P. D. St. John, M. D., Rep., Wichita. 

C. F. Menninger, M. D., Rep., Topeka. 

C. D. Clark, M. U., Rep., Minneapolis. 

J. P. H. Dykes, M. D., Rep., StalTord. 

E. M. Hoover, M. D., Rep., Halstead. 

S. Laning, M. D. , Rep., Kiugnian. 

H. M. Ochiltree, M. IJ., Rep.. HaddanL 

E. B. Packer, M. D., Rep., Osage City. 

Chemist and Microscopist, L. M. Powell, M. D., Rep., Topeka. 

ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 

President, Warren Knaus, Dem., McPherson. 

Librarian, B. B. Smyth, Rep., Topeka 



.$3,500 



$1,000 
1,000 
1,000 



S2,000 



(132 



OFFICE OF RAILROAD COMMISSIONERS. 

Commissioner, Sam'I T. Howe, Rep., Topeka 82,500 

Commissioner, James M. Simpson, Rep., McPherson 2,500 

Commissioner, Joseph G. Lowe, Dem., Washington 2,500 

Secretary, B. F. Flenniken, Rep., Emporia 1,500 

Clerk, R. M. Fulton, Rep., Topeka 1,200 

Stenographer, Ross B. Gilluly, Rep., Oskaloosa 600 

STATE BOARD OF PHARMACT. 

President, John T. Moore, Rep., Lawrence. 
Secretary, W. C. Johnston, Rep., Manhattan. 

STATE architect's OFFICE. 

State Architect, J. G. Holland, Rep., Topeka... $2,400 

Superintendent, John F. Stanton, Rep., Topeka 85 per day. 

Assistant Superintendent, W. C. Hilts, Rep., Larned S.3 per day. 

LIVE-STOCK SANITARY COMMISSION. 

President, J. W. Johnson, Rep., Hamilton $5 per day. 

Secretary, J. B. Vincent, Rep., Hutchinson S5 per day. 

John I. Brown, Pop., Delphos S5 per day. 

STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

President, Gov. E. N. Morrill, Rep., Hiawatha. 

Secretary, Franklin G. Adams, Rep., Topeka $1,500 

STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

President, F. Wellhouse, Rep., Topeka. 

Secretary, Edwin Taylor, Pop., Edwardsville. 

Acting Secretary, Wm. H. Barnes, Kep., Independence .?S00 

STATE LIBRARIAN. 

Librarian, James L. King, Rep., Topeka .§1,600 

Assistant Librarian, Jacob J. Falls, Rep., Topeka 600 

Assistant Librarian, Alice Ordway, Rep., Topeka 600 

) 



STATE PUINTER. 

J. K. Hudson, Rep., Topeka Fees. 

STATE INSPECTOR OF COAL MINES. 

Mine Inspector, Bennett Brown, Rep., Boicourt $2,000 

STATE PKNITENTIARY. 

Director, M. M. Beck, Rep., Holton S400 

■Director, T. W. Eckert, Rep., Arkansas City 400 

Director, Lair Dean, Rep., Smith Center 400 

Warden, J. B. Lynch, Rep., Chauute 2. .500 

Deputy Warden, D. W. Nail, Rep., Abilene 1,500 

Chief Cleik, A. J. Schilling, Rep., Leavenworth 1,200 

Physician, G. A. Morrison, Rep., Columbus 1,400 

THE STATE REFORMATORY, HUTCHINSON. 

Director, S. 11. Peters, Rep., Newton S3 per day. 

Director, T. J. O'Neill, Dem., Osage City S3 per day. 

Director, Wm. J. Lingenfelter, Pop., Wellington .S3 per day. 

Superintendent, J. C. O. Morse, Rep., Wellington SI, 500 

Assistant Superintendent, N. L. Hallowell, Rep., Coldwater 900 

KANSAS ASYLU.M FOR IDIOTIC AND IMBECILE Y'OUTII, WINFIELD. 

Superintendent, C. S. Newlon, M. D., Rep., Altamont Si, 000 

INSANE ASY'I.UM, TOPEKA. 

Superintendent, B. D. Eastman, Rep., Topeka 81,.')00 

INSANE ASYLUM, OSAWATOMIE. 

Superintendent, T. C. Biddle, Rep., Emporia SI, 500 

REFORM SCHOOL, TOPEKA. 

Superintendent, W. H. Howell, Rep., Fort Scott $1,000 



INSTITUTION FOB THE EDUCATION OF THE DEAF AND DUMB, OLATHK. 

Superintendent, H. C. Hammond, Rep., Chicago $1,500 

IN.STITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OP THE BLIND, KANSAS CITY. 

Superintendent, Geo. H. Miller, Rep., Kansas City $1,000 



INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOB GIRLS, BKLOIT. 

Superintendent, Mrs. S. V. Leeper, Rep., Lawrence 



SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOME, ATCHISON. 

Superintendent, C. E. Faulkner, Reji., Salina 



$800 



$1,000 



STATE SOLDIERS' HOME, DODGE CITY. 

Manager, L. Van Voorhis, Pop., Lawrence, ) 

Manager, Thomas Shuler, Rep., Whiterock, [- $1,000 

Manager, H. Janneau, — ., Dodge City ) 

Commandant, C. M. Cunningham, Rep., Osborne 1,000 

Quartermaster, John W. Sidlow, Pop., Dodge City 600 

Sujgeon, Dr. E. IL Schillach, Rep., Allen .500 

Adjutant, S. H. Thomas, Rep. Ellsworth .500 

STATE BOARD OF CHARITIES. 

Prisident, Morton Albaugh, Rep.. Kingman S3 per day. 

Secretary, Geo. A. Clark, Rep., Junction City 83 per day. 

Treasurer, K. E. Wilcockson, Rep., Oakley S3 per day. 

Dr. Thos. Blakeslee, Rep., Neodesha $3 per day. 

F. M. Lockard, Rep., Norton S3 per day. 

And mileage at 10 cents per mile. 

DEPABT.MENT OF KANSAS, G. A. R. 

' Commander, W. H. Whitney, Cawker City. 



(123 



JUDICIARY OF KANSAS. 



SUPREME COURT. 

The Supreme Court is composed of three members, viz.: One Chief 
Justice, and two Associate Justices — salary S3, 000 each — as follows : 

Chief Justice, David Martin, Rep., Atchison. (Term expires January, 

1897.) 
Associate Justice, S. H. Allen, Pop., Topeka. (Term expires January, 

1899.) 
Associate Justice, W. A. Johnston, Rep., Minneapolis. (Term expires 

January, 1901.) 

Clerk, C. J. Brown, Rep., Topeka, (appointed by Court) Fees. 

Reporter, A. M. F. Randolph, Burlington, (appointed by Court) S2,000 



COURTS OF APPEALS. 

The State is divided into two departments, viz.: The Northern and 
Southern; each department being divided into three divisions, viz.: In 
the Northern Department, Eastern Division, sitting at Topeka; Central, 
sitting at Concordia ; Western, sitting at Colby. In the Southern De- 
partment, sittings are held at Fort Scott, Wichita, and Garden City. 
Each department is presided over by a court composed of three Judges, 
as follows: 

NOKTIIERN DEPARTMENT. 

Presiding Judge, A. D. Gilkeson, Dem., Ilays City S2,,'i00 

Associate Judge, T. F. Garver, Rep., Salina 3,500 

Associate Judge, Geo. W. Clark, Pop., Topeka 2,500 

Clerk, Eastern Division, S. B. Bradford, Rep., Topeka 1,500 

Clerk, Central Division, D. A. Valentine, Rep., Clay Center 1,500 

Clerk, Western Division, F. M. Lockard, Rep., Norton 1,500 



SOUTHEHN DEPARTMENT. 

Presiding Judge, \X. A. Johnson, Rep., Garnett $2,500 

Associate Judge, A. W. Dennison, Pop., El Dorado 2,500 

Associate Judge, E. C. Cole, Rep., Great Bend 2,500- 

Clerk, Eastern Division, Frank L. Brown, Rep., Garnett 1,,^,00 

Clerk, Central Division, Victor Murdock, Rep., Wichita 1,500 

Clerk, Western Division, L. J. Pettijohn, Rep., Hugoton 1,500- 

The term of office ot the several Appellate -Judges will expire on the second Mon- 
day in January, 1897. The Clerks are appointed by the Court, and hold their office at 
the pleasrure of ihe Court. 




LATE RKSIUEKCE OF W. C. EDWARDS, LAHNED. 



< 13) ) 



DISTRICT COURTS. 
The State is divided into thirty-five Judicial Districts, eacli presided 
•over by one Judge, whose salary is S3. 500 per annum, composed of coun- 
ties as follows : 

1st District. — Leavenworth, Jackson, and Jefferson; L. A. Myers, Pop., 
Leavenworth. 

2d Dist.— Atchison ; W. D. Webb, Rep., Atchison: 

3d Dist. — Shawnee; Z. T. Uazen, Rep., Topeka. 

4th Dist. — Douglas, Franklin, and Anderson; A. W. Benson, Rep., 
Ottawa. 

Sth Dist. — Coffey, Lyon, and Chase; Wm. A. Randolph, Dem.-Pop., 
Emporia. 

6th Dist. — Bourbon. Crawford, and Linn; Walter L. Simons, Rep., Fort 
Scott. 

7th Dist. — Allen, Neosho, Wilson, and Woodson ; L. Still well. Rep., Erie. 

Sth Dist. — Geary. Dickinson, Morris, and Marion ; Oscar L. Moore, Rep.. 
Abilene. 

•9th Dist — Reno, Harvey, and Mcl'herson; F. L. Martin, Rep.. Hutch- 
inson. 

10th Dist. — Johnson and Miami ; John T. Burris, Dem., Olathe. 

llth Dist. — Cherokee, Labette, and Montgomery ; A. H. Skidmore, Rep., 
Columbus. 

13th Dist. — Cloud, Republic, and Washington ; F. W. Sturgis, Rep., Con- 
cordia. 

13th Dist. — Chautauqua, Elk, Greenwood, and Butler; A. M. Jackson, 
Dem.-Pop., Howard. 

14th Dist. — Lincoln, Ellsworth, and Russell; W. G. Eastland, Rep., 
Russell. 

15th Dist.— Mitchell, Osborne, Jewell, and Smith ; Cyrus Heren, Dem.- 
Pop., Osborne. 

Jieth Dist. — Pawnee, Edwards, and Hodgeman; S. W. Vandivert, Rep., 
Kinsley. 
(The LegisJal4ire of 1895 passed a law re-districting the State ae to Judicial Dis- 



tricts, and after the second Monday of January. IH98, the I6th District will be com- 
posed of the following counties, viz. : Edwards. Pawnee, Rush. Hodgeman, Ness, 
Lane, Scott, Wichita, and Greeley.) 

17th Dist. — Phillips, Norton, Decatur, Rawlins, and Cheyenne ; A. C. T. 

Geiger, Pop., Oberlin. 
18th Dist.— Sedgwick; D, M. Dale, Dem., Wichita. 
19th Dist. — Sumner and Cowley ; J. B. Burnette, Rep., Caldwell. 
30th Dist. — Rice, Barton, and Stafford; Ansel R. Clark. Rep., Sterling. 
31st Dist. — Riley. Marshall, and Clay ; R. B. Spilman, Rep., Manhattan. 
33d Dist. — Doniphan. Brown, and Nemaha; Rufus M. Emery, Rep., 

Seneca. 

23d Dist. — Ellis, Trego, Gove, Logan, and Wallace; Lee Monroe, Rep., 

Wakeeney. 
34th Dist. — Harper, Barber, Kingman, and Pratt; G. W. McKay, Pop., 

Harper. 
29th Dist.— Wyandotte ; H. L. Alden, Rep., Kansas City. 
30th Dist. — Ottawa and Saline; R. F. Thompson, Rep., Minneapolis. 

{ Ellsworth and Lincoln counties to be added to this district after Janu.-iry. 1897.) 

31st Dist. — Comanche, Clark, Meade, Gray. Ford, and Kiowa; Francis 

C. Price, Rep., Ashland. 
33d Dist. — Seward. Stevens, Morton, Haskell. Grant, Stanton, Finney, 

Kearny, and Hamilton; W. E. Hutchinson, Rep., Garden City. 
33d Dist. — Rush. Ness, Lane, Scott,Wichita, and Greeley ; J. E. Andrews, 

Dem.-Pop., La Crosse. 

(Under the operation of the law. this district becomes extinct after the second 
Monday of .January. 1898.) 

34th Dist. — Rooks, Graham, Sheridan, Thomas, and Sherman ; Chas. W. 

Smith, Rep., Stockton. 
33th Dist. — Pottawatomie, Wabaunsee, and Osage; Wm. Thomson, 

Rep., Burlingame. 

COUKT OF COMMON PLEAS. 

Wyandotte; W. G. Holt. Rep., Kansas City. 



(125) 




Titiitiigration and Tnfontiadon 
« dissociation * 



ORGANIZED JANUARY 29, 1896, BY 




or those 
with us. 
attention 



HON. VV. C. EDWARDS, 

(SECRETARY OF STATE OF KANSAS.) 

The Association is organized to promote the cause of immigration, and to furnish sucb 
information as may be desired by Homeseekers and Investors. 

It has reliable representatives in all parts of the State. 

We believe that it will be to the interest of those desiring 
to purchase 

FARnS, STOCK RAr<©HE5, AVIMTiG LAWDS, 

desiring to engage in Commercial or Manufacturing Industries, to correspond 
Correspondence solicited. All communications will receive careful and prompt 

FREE OF CHARGE. 

Cbe H<)n$a$ Tntmidratlon and Tnformation Jlssociation, 

=== TOPEKA. KANSAS. == 

(126) 




W. C. Edwards, Pres. 
E. G. Hudson. Vice-Pres. 
F, D. Taylor, Secy. 

J. G. Edwards. Ireas. 

DIRECTORS. 

I W. C. Edwards. Topeka. Kas. g 

i E. G. Hudson, Lincoln, III. ^ 

F. D. Taylor, Chicago, 111. K* 



1 Jas. a. Hudson. Chicago, III, [SJ 
J. B. Bro\vn, Hutchinson, Kas. S 



J. G. Edwards. Lamed. Kas. 
J. B. Brown, Hutchinson, V 
Geo. Leis. Lawrence, Kas. 



^^155^5^5^3^5^3533^4^' 



I 
J 




CHICAGO OFFICE, 280 CLARK STREET. 



M. C. 8PE£R. 



HENRY D. 8PEER. 
W. W. 6PEER. 



F. M. BRIGHAM, CaShiER. 



H. C. SpeER, 

TV^UNICIRHL BONDS. 
== TOPEKA. =^ 

ToPEKA, June 25, 1896. 
Hon. W. C. Edwards : 

My Dear Sir — I beg to use the space allotted me to say that I think 
the Kansas Souvenir should have wide circulation among well-to-do farmers 
in the Middle and Eastern States. An intelligent statement of the resources of Kansas and its invit- 
ing field for the investment of labor and capital needs only intelligent comparison by the reader. 
Kansas needs farmers who own the land they cultivate. All who went into the hard times out of 
debt have earned a safe support, happy in the security of home, making improvements without fear 
of loss, and carrying to the work of the future an undaunted and hopeful courage. The other picture 
— of the man who counted his values in "equities" — I dislike to draw. His is the experience that 
results in the bargains in every county now open to others who can pay cash. 

Yours truly, 

H. C. SPEER. 

127) 



5HAWNEE COUNTY. 



VALLATIOX. 

Real Estate .«;4,013,29,5 

Town Lots 8,848,835 

Personal 2,089,685 

Railroad 1,395,946 

Total 816,347,761 

Indebtedness §504,000 

ACREAGE. 

Corn 97,971 

Wheat 2,714 

Potatoes 4,656 

Oats 11,204 



COUNTY OFFICERS. 

Hon. Z. T. Hazeii. Judge District Coiut. 

E. M. Cockreil, Clerlj District Conrt. 
R. B. Kepley, Sheriff. 

H. C. JSaft'ord, Attorney. 

F. SI. Stahl, Treasurer. 
Chas. T. McCabe, Clerk. 

Frank Brooks, Resrister of Deeds. 
B. A. Bailey, Surveyor. 
J. M. Westerfield, Coroner. 
Walter E. Fagan, Auditor. 
.John W. Stout, Supt. Pub. Instruc'n. 
D. A. Williams, Comm'r 1st District. 
T. P. Rodgers, Comm'r 2d District. 
Scott Kelsey, Comm'r 3d District. 



CITY OF TOPEKA. 



Incorporated 1855. 




SHAWNEE COINTT JAIL. 



VALUATION. 

Kcal estate S7, 819,955 

Personal 1,401,395 

Kailroad 393,953 

Total.. $9,615,203 

Indebtedness S337,000 

Rate of Tax Oi}{f: 

Population 31,612 

colleges. 
AVashburn College. 
I'x'thany College. 
J'ond's Business School. 
Topeka Business College. 
Standard School of Shorthand. 
Kansas Medical College. 

(128) 




SHAWNEE COUHTT OOUBT BOUSE. 



Denomination. No. 

Baptists la 

Methodists 15 

Presbyterian . .- 10 

Cbristittn 4 

Congregational. 4 



Mem, 
2.255 

2.865 
l,86i 

i.or? 

905 I 



Total value of Churcla property, 8668,400. 



Denomination. No. 

Lutheran 5 

Episcopal 4 

Catholic 2 

Miscellaneous.. 10 
~66 



Mem. 
743 

.590 
2,ffiO 

622 

13,.569 



DEERINQ HARVESTING MACHINES 

Are the only ones with Roller and Ball Bearings. They are one horse lighter in draft 
than other machines, and they last longer. ^— ^ 




DECRING PONY BINDER, WITH ROLLER AND BALL BCARINGS AND JOINTED PLATFORM. 



Deering Hay Rakes are the strongest and handiest. 
Deering Corn Harvester cuts and binds ten acres a day. 
Deering Binder Twine is the prettiest, strongest and longest. 
Deering Harvester Oil is a perfect Lubricant. Keeps in any Climate. 



DEERING HARVESTER CO., 



Send for Catalogue. 



FULLERTON AND CLVBOURN AVENUES. 

CHICAGO. 



(129 



MAP OF 

Santa Fe Route 

KANSAS. 

Showing liu|tort.inl To»nii no 
■nd ntljareni to A. T. & S. Fe 
and St. t. ii S. >'. Itoiuls. 



Phillipaburg q 

Stockton, 

"^mi citj So'*"" 



Sobftha^ 



oilue ll*pJd« 



... =^- -"OS 

ATCHlSo;^ 



Wa Koeaej^ 



«.i 



„C«! 



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kUoP* liruve OSAGF /i 






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Greenaburg o "'^ -- 0^_ 



Spria^eld 



f, UugotoQ 
Llbcnl 



3 Hetde Coldwatcr^ 

AabUud 



,\««' 8priiiKv»lj 



MEDICINE ^ >>- > ^ o « ' ^ 



ENGLEWOOD:* 



llai.!Uon.X:..r>^^^*rS3i.^ ^.^^-'^'^ v \1 CEDAR VALE 

ll«d.-M.-N,li,*Ci>. Sioira^j^'^*-''^ p\>iff*-' ^^^*^grnr..~.-iTS»ftK/< NSAS CITY 



^ "■'»-':*^7^;^^o. • 



PITTSBURG^j^ 
Weir Citj4 



"^■^ "Upc- vni.c 
COFFEYVILLEfl ^^OencE Galena O 



All Principal Cities— All Productive Counties 

In Kansas, 1 also in Colorado. New Mexico, Arizona. California. Texas. 
Oklahoma. Indian Territory, 1 are located on or along the line of the 

SANTA FE ROUTE. 

THIS LINE IS THE SHORTEST. 

ITS TRAINS ARE THE QUICKEST. 

ITS EQUIPMENT IS THE BEST. 

A few places are not situated on the Santa Fe. but there is excellent service via 
A. T. & S. F. Ry. to and from the junctions. 

Agents of Santa Fe Route sell lie ets at lowest rates to all points in United 
States. Mexico and Canada. Baggage checked through. 

GEO. T. NICHOLSON, 

Gen. Passeng;er \gt.. CHI :aGO. 



THE GREAT SOUTHWEST, ====== 

ALONG THE LINE OF 

The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry. 

Affords better opportunities to obtain cheap farms. Alfalfa ranches, and choice graz- 
ing lands than can be found elsewhere. The Railway Company offers for sale a lim- 
ited acreage of excellent farming and grazing lands in the fertile 

ARKANSAS RIVER VALLEY , 

of South-central and Southwest Kansas, on easy terms and at low prices. 

It is the policy of the Company to encourage and assist the development and set- 
tlement of its territory, and with this in view, information will be gladly furnished to 
intending settlers and investors as to desirable lands, colony locations, and sites for 
industrial enterprises, and pains taken to put them in communication with reliable 
parties owning or having for sale such properties. For free pamphlets and informa- 
lion, address ^^q g FROST, 

Land Commissioner. TOPEKA, KAS. 



(130 1 



KANSAS CITY STOCK YARDS 



ARE THE 



Most Complete and Coinmodious in the West 



And second largest in the world. The entire railroad system of the 
West and Southwest centering at Kansas City has direct rail con- 
nection with these Yards, with ample facilities for receiving and re- 
shippiag stock. 



Official Receipts for 895. . . 

Shiught<*red in Kansas City 

Sold to Feeders 

Sold to Shippers 

Total Sold in Kansas City 1895 



Cal7es. 



1,6S9.652 
922,167 
392,262 
218,805 

1,533,231 



Bogs. 



2,467,697 

2,170,827 

1,376 

273,999 

2,M6,202 



Sheep. 



861,713 
f.67,01.5 
111,445 
69,784 
718,241 



Eoites and 
Kales. 



Cars. 



52,6071 103,368 



11,588 



CHARGES. — Yaudagb : Cattle, 25 cents per head ; Hogs, 8 
= cents per head ; Sheep, "i cents per head. Hay : SI. 00 per 100 lbs. 
Bkan : Sl.ou per lOO lbs. Coun : $1.00 per bushel. 

. No Yardage Charged Unless the Stock is Sold or Weighed. 



-C. F. MORSE, 

Vioe-Pres. and Gen. Mgr. 

<H. P. CHILD, 

Assistant General Mgr. 



E. E. RICHARDSON, 

Secretary and Treasurer. 

EUGENE RUST, 

General Superintendent. 



w 



S. TOUGH &. SONS, 

Managers Horse and Mule Department. 



" FRISCO LINE. 



?? 



St. Louis & San Francisco R. R. 



The most direct and popular through passen- 
eer route between the East and the State of 
Kansas. 

Double daily through express trains are run 
between St. Louis Union Station and all points 
in Kansas without change of cars. 

Handsome coaches, reclining chair cars, 
(seats free,) Pullman Palace Buffet Drawing- 
room Sleepers on all through trains. For fur- 
ther particulars, address 

D. WISHART, 

General Passenger Agent, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 



(131) 






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(laa) 



Metallic Vault aji Office Furniture 



Banks, Insurance Companies, Trust Companies and Public Offices. 



1 



a!Mjiia^-^M!^^^'H5^|8^^^^^4^^^^^g 




111 the New State Building-, Topeka, Kaneas. the ofHces of tlic Gover- 
:nor, Treasurer, Secretary of State and Clerk of Supreme Court arc 

iitted up with our work. 

OFFICE SPECIALTY MANUFACTURING CO. 

■»Vrite for Catalogue. Fac ories and Main Ottice, ROCHESTEK. N. Y. 



The great stock-raising and never-failing 
crop counties of Kansas are the Southeastern 
counties bordering on Missouri — Johnson, Miami, 
Linn, Bourbon, Crawford, and Cherotcee — on the 
line of the 

KANSAS CITY, 

FORT SCOTT & MEMPHIS 

RAILROAD. 

Land in those counties is yet cheap ( cheapest 
in the State, all things considered), and offers 
homeseetcers and investors opportunities not to 
be found elsewhere in Kansas. 

FORTUNES ARE HADE 

with little money, in the great lead and zinc 
mining camp at Galena, Cherokee County. 

For full information and a copy of the Mis- 
souri and Kansas Farmer, an eight-page illus- 
trated paper, address 

J. E. LOCKWOOD, 

Gen. Pass. Agt. Memphis Route, 
KANSAS CITY, MO. 



(133) 




W. T. OSBORNE & CO., 

Electrical Engineers and 
Contractors. 

Supplies, Repairs, and Construction. 
MOTORS AND GENERATORS. 



705 DELAWARE ST.. 



KANSAS CITY, MO. 



** Cosmo" 

Buttevmilk XToilet Soap. 

THE PUREST AND BEST TOILET SOAP MADE 
FOR THE 

Complexion, toilet, an^ Batb. 

SEE THAT OUR NAME IS ON EACH PACKAGE. 



Cosmo Buttermilk Soap Company, 

CHICAQO, ILLINOIS. 



FROn 



KANSAS CITY 



TO THE 



MK-Ti 




an( 



Indian 
Territory 
Id Texas, 

The IVIissoari, Kansas & Texas Ry. 

AFFORDS SUPERIOR SERVICE. 

WAGNER BUFFET SLEEPINO CARS. 
FREE "KATY" CHAIR CARS . 

For rates or further information, address 

Q. A. HcNUTT, 

1044 Union Ave., KANSAS CITY, MO. 



(134) 




WHEN YOU WANT 



Threshing IWaehinery 



WRITE TO THE 



J. I. CASE T. M. CO., Racine, Wis. 
YOU WANT THE BEST, 

Because the best is none too good. 

YOU SHOULD BUY THE BEST, 

Because it is tlie cheapest in the end. 

YOU SHOULD BUY THE J. L CASE, 

Because the machinery made by them is 
Strictiy First-Class and Up to Date, 

AND YOU WILL HAVE THE BEST. 



]j WE WILL GLADLY PRESENT YOU WITH OUR 1896 

CATALOGUE FOR THE ASKING. 



ASK FOR IT ! 



(i:r) 



Before ordering, examine our goods and write to 

J. I. Case Threshing Machine Company, 

RACINE, WIS., 

For furtlier particulars. 



The H. D. liee Mercantile Company, 



WHOLESALE GROCERS, — 

SALINA. KANSAS. 



The Leading Jobbing House in central Kansas. Carries one 
of the Largest Stocks in the West. A complete assortment 
of Staple and Fancy Groceries, and Grocers' Sundries. 

A HOME MARKET, 

From which the best and finest qualities of goods can be 
purchased. 



FELLOWS & VANSANT, 



Q 



eneral Contractors 
and Builders, 



C. A. rELLOWS. 

F. E VANSANT. 



Topeka, Kansas. 



T. H. KEYES, PrCS M OELANEV, V.-PRCS. WM. FLETCHER, SCC, AND TflCAS. 



The National Pump Go. '"-"" Wonder Pump 

The Cheapest and Best for Mining and Irrigation. The only neshing Spiral 
Flanye Potary Pump in ihe World. 




THF •' WONDFR '^ '* aSpiml Romry I'uiiip. ;ma is usua >.o lift water from 
' ''^ ffUlll/tn wells, cisterns, etreame, mineti. and ships. It is also 
iisi'il in sbop . faclorii'f^ and packing houses, and for furnishing water for irrigatinir 
piiil)nvfs. It h:is no equal L-ither in price, capacity or cost of operating. To supply 
tht' HMiuisite power either windmills, water, horses or steam may be used. It is made 
of iron ur brass, has no valves, is very simple, and has won its way to favor on itn 
reiil merits. It sucks and forces water any distance. It is built in size from a cis 
tern pump to om? capable of furnishing water for the water-works of large citi'S. If 
you need a pump for any purpose, drop a line to the address below and you will n- 
cei\e a circular :ind price-list. Agents wanted. 

NATIONAL PUMP CO., 306 W. 8th St., KANSAS CITY, MO. 

■' He wlio makes two lilades of grass grow where but one grew before, is a greater 
heiief.K'tor to mankind than all the politicians that ever lived." — Swift. 



( nti) 



fori mayne €kctric Corporation, 

FORT WAYNE, IND., U. 5. A. 

^.^ ^^§^ ^^ 



MANUFACTURERS OF 






1 

^ood and (Uenstrotn 

SYSTEMS 

ARC LIGHT DYNAMOS. 

DIRECT CURRENT INC. DYN., 

GENERATORS, 

MOTORS, 

ALTERNATING CURRENT 
IINCD. APPARATUS, 

RAILWAY APPARATUS. 




BRANCH OFFICES. 

New York City 1 In Broadwny. 

Chicago, III 635 Marqiu-ttr BUii;. 

Philadelphia 101 to 1 CM Tlu* Bour;**'. 

Pittsburgh 405 Times Buildins. 

Cincinnati 403 Meave Building. 

Columbus. Ohio 410 Wyandotte Bldg. 

San Francisco 18 Second Str<et. 

Boston 17 Federal Street. 

Rochester. X. Y Powers Building. 

New Orleans 404 Carondelet Street. 

Omaha. Neb liOl Faniani Street. 

St. Paul, Minn., 113 Gerniaiiia Life Bldg 

.Vtlanta. Ga., 35 Marietta Street. 

St. Louis .331 Security Building. 

Kansas City "t»r» Del.iware Street. 



A GRAND ACHIEVEMENT! 



The TRii)|flPH 
SuiiKY Plow, 




MANUFACTURED EV THE 



J. I. Case Plow Works, 



OF RACINE, WIS. 



So perfect in principle and construction 
that a boy eix years old can ut-e it, and do. 
a raan'e work with ease. 



A 6-year old boy, in thirty 
days, near Sedgwick, Kansas,, 
with a Triumph Sulky, plowed 
65 acres. 

The above illustration, (taken from a photograph in the field,) shows Master Blaine Adams, of Sedgwick, Kansas, a little boy just turned 
six years old, plowing with a Triumph Sulky Plow, and turning his four and five acres a day. His father writes that Blaine plowed li.5 to 70 
acres, doing the same amount in a day that he did, and plowed with a much more even furrow than many men who have plowed for him. Any- 
one wishing to confirm this can do so by addressing Mr. James W. Adams, Sedgwick, Kansas, Blaine's father. 

moral: start your boy right in Lirr by buying a triumph sulky. 

For further particulars, address J. I. CASE PLOW WORKS, Racine, Wis. 

( 138) 



CRANE COnPANY, 



KAri5A5 GITY, A\0. 



"CRANE " IRRIGATION WINDMILLS, 

FRIZELL IRRIGATION CYLINDERS, 

WELL POINTS AND STRAINERS, 

WROUGHT IRON PIPE, CASING AND 
BOILER TUBES, 

CAST AND MALLEABLE IRON FITTINGS, 

BRASS AND IRON VALVES AND COCKS, 

IRON HAND AND WINDMILL PUMPS, 

WORTHINGTON STEAM PUMPS, 

RUBBER AND LEATHER BELTING, 

Supplies for Steam Fitters and Plumbers, 
Supplies for Mills and Machine Shops, 
Supplies for Thresher-Men and Well-Men. 




t 



(139) 



MANUFACTURERS AND JOBBERS OP 



IRRIGATION 
^SUPPLIES, 



ii, 



SEND FOR CATALOGUE. 



Breed kor Size, Beauty and Speed. 



ADA/AANT 



Bay horse, 16)4 hands high, weighs l,i5U. By Imp. Stone- 
henge, dam Adage, by Imp. King Earnest, winner of Bayehester 
stakes and other fast races. Will make season at $35 to insure. 
Adamant is conceded by all good judges to be the best thoroughbred 
individual Mn Kansas. Stock for sale at all times at reasonable 
prices. Adamant colts have been trained and show extreme speed. 
Address 

STUBBS BROS., 

Thoroughbred Stock Farm, 
DODQE CITY, KAS. 



J. W. WRIGHT, 

Real estate, Tartu Coan, and 
Rental Agency « * 



Special attention given to the care and sale of properties owned by 
non-residents. Rents collected, taxes jiaid, etc. 



Office in First National Bank Building. 



McPherson, Kas. 



WE SAVE YOU 



1 



YOUR MONEY. 



A High-Qrade Wheel (fully guaranteed) for 



$50.00 





If the "MONOGRAM" is not handled in your city, tell 

your dealer to write to us — he can handle 

it to advantage. 

PERFECT CONSTRUCTION ) -r. n.,^.^ U^MttlUl 
LIGHT RUNNING }\ rCnCCt DCtHlty. 

STRONG ) ^ 



We handle Everything in the Bicycle line (roni a Cotter Pin to a Tandem. 

LAWRENCE BROTHERS 
CYCLE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 
Illustrated Catalogue of our entire line to dealers on applicition. 



(140) 



iHilbuiPfHMj 



lUUMG C#. 




REA OVEr200/cRE5 

MINESUXATEOJmV--: 



6BiP(TAL STOCK 
I FUUlittWiANOWON-ASSESSABLE 



ADDRESS ALL CORRESPONDENCE TO 
GENERAL OFFICE, TOPEKA. KANSAS 



This Company was orgauized on March 4, IS'.iii, under the laws of Colorado, wiih a capitalization of S2, (100,000, shares of the par value of oue 
dollar each, and is full paid and non-assessable ; 1,0.">0,000 shares being placed in the treasury, with no indebtedness. The management has de- 
cided to sell a limited number of shares for the purpose of continuing the work of developing its properties and patenting the same, at the low 
figure of five cents per share, or .ifSO.oO for one thousand shares. 

The following Claims and Tunnel Site are owned by this Company : 

The Worthington, The Kaffir, The Jay, The Lynn, The Bussard, The Black Scpiaw, The Vigilant, The Polar Star, The Duluth, The Free Soil. 
Each claim containing ten acres and joined together, situated about two miles east of Victor, Colo., on Bull Mountain. Also, has just purchased 
the •'Luckii Boy." which joins the city limits of Victor, and the famous Independence Mine, recognized as the greatest gold-producing mine in the 
world, witii the Portland group of mines just above it. Producing heavily of gold oie, its Capital Stock selling at ISl per share. 

The officers of this Company are representative men of careful and economical business habits, who, after a critical investigation, have in- 
vested their money and taken an active interest in the enterprise, and are developing its properties to a divideiLd-paying basis. The ore assays 
as high as .¥60.00 per ton on some of its propeities, at a depth of not over 60 feet, and ore taken from surface will assay S4.00 to .1?ii.00 per ton. 

Mining men familiar with the veins on Battle and Bull Mountains are unanimous in believing that with a proper depth a solid body of Sylvan- 
ite Ore (gold ore) will be found in the '• l.uckv Boy," one of our properties, making a mine equally as valuable as the Strong, Portland, or Inde- 
pendence. For Prospectus and other information, as well as purchase of stock, address Geo. Leis, President, Lawrence, Kansas. 

or D. P. Elliott, Vice-Pret:., Topeka, Kas. 
(HI) 




THE OLD RELIABLE 



Mitchell Wagon, 

MANUFACTUREb BY 

MITCHELL 4. LEWIS CO., Limited, 
RACINE, WISCONSIN. 



Farm Wagons, Spring Wagons, 
Delivery Wagons, Trucic Wagons. 

MONARCH OF THE ROAD. 



Hiitr stood the test for over sixty years, and is today world- 
renowned for its wearing qualities and its light draft. 

Call on our nearest agent for prices, or write to PARLTN & 
ORENDORFF CO., Kansas City. Mo., who are general agents 
for Kansat* and Western Missouri. 



COiyiPLETE POWER OUTFITS for Electric Light, Railway and Mill Service. 

THE ENGLISH SUPPLY AND ENGINE COMPANY, 

NOS. 408-410-412 WEST FIFTH STREET, 

— — — KANSAS CITY, MO. ^— ^= 



ENGINEERING TOOLS AND SUPPLIES. 



ENGINES AND BOILERS. 



144) 



TWENTY YEARS OF SQUARE DEALING. 



Che $t Coui$ Paper Company, 



-,;, — '■ t --^ 



Jfi 



St. Eouls, mmm\ 



The only Exclusive Printers' Stock House in the West. Sells Every- 

thinor that a Printer Prints on. 



IIIJIII""III Illl <lll Illll""llll Illl"'"llll"'"llll I{l Illll"'llll Illl""lllll Illl"'"l[lll 

i THE PAPER FOR THIS SOUVENIR 4 
Y FURMSHED BY US. T 

^1 ill llii,olllln.,illll ill llllimlll ill! llll ill lllm.illlll lllln.^llll lliS 



A Postal will bring me., 

Cy Thurhan, 

ATCHISON, KANSAS. 



(i«) 




J. S. CHICK. 

PRESIDCNT. 



W. T. LITTLE, 

GCNCRAL MANAGER. 



T. LITTLE. Jn.. 

SCCRCTARV - 



Kansas City Bank Gravel Co., 

716 DELAWARE STREET. 



TELEPHONE 1759. 



BANK GRAVEL FOR WALKS. DRIVEWAYS, ROOFING, AND CONCRETE. 
BEST QUALITY OF BANK SAND. 

The above cut represents a glacier gravel deposit on line of Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railwa}', in Johnson 
County, Kansas. 

The property is owned by the Kansas City Bank Gravel Company, of Kansas City, Mo., who mine and ship 
gravel to all points in Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, and Texas. The material is largely used for street paving, private and 
public driveways, walks, etc. .\lso for roofing purposes. 

The Company has extensive machiner}' employed for separating the material. A very fine grade of bank sand is 
taken from the gravel, which is used for plastering and cement work. It is in great demand, as the sand is sharp and 
coarse. 

The Company's office is at 716 Delaware Street, Kansas City, Mo., where all communications should be addressed.. 
Estimates on every class of work are furnished. 

Prompt shipments guaranteed. 

(m) 



^^ ^^ ^\* 



Crosby Bros.,^. 

Dry 600(1$ and €arpet$. 



titi-^i 



Xanjest /IDaiU©rDer Ibouse in tbe 
State ot "Kansas 



•^ 



% __^ Thirty Thousand square feet of floor space 
.^^^ devoted to the sale of 

JT DRY GOODS, CARPETS, AND 
(L MILLINERY V^ 



€ro$by Bro$., Copeka, Kas. 



QRAHAM 

PAPER CO. 



ST. LOUIS, 



Are General Paper Dealers, 



AND SOLICIT INQUIRIES 
FOR PRICES ON 



ALL LINES IN ANY QUANTITY. 



( US) 



. . . AUTHORIZED CAPITAL, $5,000,000 , 



2. 



» y^ 



Cbe Hlfalfa Irrigation and Cand Co. 






WESTERN KANSAS 



Has proved a disappointment to many who have tried to make a living liy farming in that section, and to many who- 
have invested in mortgages. 

XHPSF I ANDS uiiy be PROFITABLY utilized. The nutritive grasses furnish rich pasture for cattle. A 

single (juarter-seetion may not bring the owner any revenue, but a large body of land will 

yield a good income. Some lands may be watered by pump irrigation. ALFALFA is the most profitable crop, all 
things considered, that grows. 

■Ti-lIC COnPANY i'* oiganized for the purpose of acquiring large bodies of lands in Western Kansas, and 

utilizing the lands in growing Alfalfa and raising cattle. The Company has seeded 

3,000 acres to Alfalfa this spring. The Company has secured 300.000 acres of land in exchange for stock in the Com- 
pany. Persons who own land in Western Kansas are invited to write for further particulars. 

n. nOHLER, President. 

I Late Secretary State Board of Agriculture, )■ 

TOPEKA, KAS. 



(146) 



The cut on page 85 is a picture of the office building, at Law- 
rence, Kansas, owned and occupied by 

THE J. B. WATKINS L. M. CO., 

one of the oldest companies in its line in the United States. 

It has for sale, in sizes and prices to suit any class of purchasers, 
a large number of 

IMPROVED AND UNIMPROVED FARHS 

in various parts of Kansas, on long time with low interest. 

If you want good land at a moderate price, describe what you 
want and name the amount of cash you can pay down, and you will 
be furnished one of our maps and full information. 

All titles are guaranteed. 

Colonies or persons desiring to settle together can be accom- 
modated. 

The purchaser's railroad fare to the land will be deducted from 
the selling price. 

A liberal commission to agents. Address 

J. B. WATKINS L. M. COMPANY, 

LAWRENCE, KANSAS. 

KANSAS SEED HOUSE. 

F. BARTELDES & CO , 

See& Growers, Umporters an^ H)ealers, 

LAWRENCE, KANSAS. 

OUR ELEGANT CATALOGUE MAILED FREE ON APPLICATION. 



C. D. FRENCH, Pres. 



WVAN NELSON. Sec. and Trca 

...Established 1876... 



French Bros. Commission Co., 

COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 



GRAIN, PROVISIONS, AND STOCKS. 



PRIVATE WIRE TO CHICAGO. ST. LOUIS AND NEW YORK. 



nCFERCNCES: 

MISSOURI NATIONAL BANK. 
METROPOLITAN NATIONAL BANK. 



ROOMS 20-2T-22 EXCHANGE BLOC. 

Kansas City, Mo. 



TELEPHONE 140. 



TEAS AND CIGARS. 



-J— ->- 



OUR LEADING BRANDS. 



'W 



TEAS. 

' Magic Hat." 
"Tea Picker." 
" Tea Cup." 
"Wild Rose." 

"Lantern Chop.' 

CIGARS. 

•Pauline Hall." 

" Spanish Maid." 
" La Furor." 

" Sound Currency." 
" Revelation." 



We have the most complete 

T-EA AND LiQAR 

DEPARTMENT 

In the West- 



t TURNER FRAZER 

' MERCANTILE CO , 

ST. JOSEPH, MO- 



CUT) 



t|aeine ^agon and {^mi^e go., 

1001 HICKORY STREET, STATION "A." 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 



Factory, Racine, Wis. Capacity, 30,000 vehicles annually. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



BUGGIES, PHAETONS, : URREYS, 
CARRIAGES, SPRING WAGONS, 
ROAD WAGONS, EXPRESS AND 
DELIVERY WAGONS, AND 
SPRING TRUCKS 

OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS. 



Ask your Dealer for a . . . 



Racine Buggy, Carriage, or Spring Wagon, 

If you want the best value for your money. 



ALL WORK WARRANTED AGAINST DEFECTIVE MATERIAL 
OR WORKMANSHIP. 

OUR PAINT WILL NOT SCALE. 



R 



SIFTED BUTTER 

SALT A SPECIALTY. 



S 



KANSAS SALT CO., 

HUTCHINSON, KANSAS. 



V 



(i 



R. S. V. P." TABLE SALT 

IS THE BEST MADE. 
"EVERYBODY" SAYS SO. 



P 



TH05 S. KRUTZ. Pncs. HOWARD GOULD, Treas. 

GEO. J. GOULD, Vice-PRES. JOHN F. VINCENT, Sec. AND AssT. Tr 

FRANK VINCENT, Gcnchal Manager. 



The Hutchinson Salt Co., 

Msl^ufQQtu^ers of Qll gpodes of 



SALiT 



/^opacity 20 Cqps per day. 
We have uiorks loeated 
on the AT & S. F., Mo. P., 
C. R. I. & P. and H. & S. Rail- 
ujays. 



Genetfal Offiees, 

HUTCHINSON, KflS. 



cue make a Speeialty of Fine Table and Daicy Salt. 



(148) 



F. D. Crabbs, Prest. Theo. Bishop, Treas. 

E. H. Phklps, V-Prest. L E Dofflemyer, Sec'y. 




BANK NOTE CO. 

Hansas City, Mo. 

BANK AND M ERCANTILE STATIONERY 

LITHOQSAFH B0KD8 & STOCK CEBTIFICATES 

For all kinds of Corporations. 

304 Delaware St. Tel. 418 



HAY STACKERS, SWEEP RAKES, 
POWER LIFT RAKES, HAY LOADERS, 
CENTER DRAFT MOWERS, CORN HARVESTERS, 
LAND ROLLERS, SHOVELING BOARDS, 
HAND CARTS, ETC., ETC. 

QAIN |y| ANUFACTURING QO.. 

CARROLLTON, MO., U. S. A. 



ONE OF THE 

MOST SUCCESSFUL 

REAL ESTATE 

AGENTS 

IN 
KANSAS. 




S. B. ROHRER, 

LE ROY. KAS. 



EASTERN KANSAS. 

NEOSHO VALLEY, 
Coffey County, 

Is where we raise 

BLUE GRASS, 

TIMOTHY, RED CLOVER, 

AND 

BIG RED APPLES. 

Neosho Valley is uoteil tor her 
productive soil, e.xcellent water, 
liealihful climate, fine timber and 
delicious fruits. ytock- raising is 
one of our most profitable industries, 
as we have all the essential elements 
to produce Cattle and Hogs profita- 
bly, viz.: coru, grass, and water. 

Home-seekers looking for stock or 
grain farms should investigate this 
liarticular section of the State. 

We are located 
on the main line 
of the Mo. Pac, 
and request our 
clients to take 
this route. Any 
1 n f or in a t i o n 
about lands will be 
promptly forwarded by, 

S. B. ROHRER, 

Land and Immlgrration Agent, 

Le Roy, Kas. 






^"liir 



I 1491 



J^EYSTONE t^OlJliER jVIlliLiS, 



DAILY CAPACITY 



H. M. HALLOWAY, Proprietor. 



MANUFACTURER OF 



FiioH • Grade • Klours, 

AND DEALER 'N 

FEED AND GRAIN. 



-LiARNED, KANSAS. 



William Scott, 

Receiver ot the West. Kas. Loan and Mort. Co. 

Real Estate and Golleetion Agency, 

LARNED, KANSAS. 

Makes Collections. Rents Farms, and Contracts Prairie Breaking. Superintends 
the Planting and Harvesting of Crops (or Non-Residents. 



representing: 

ISn-liiu Siilp Deposit aud Trust Co. First 

Till- SimlliiTn K:nisas Mortgay:e Co. Hon. 

Tin- l'<Minsvlvani:i Investment Co Hon. 

Phillips & Cheney, Investni't Brokers. S. H. 

W. L. Kingsley. Capitalist, New York. W. B 

W. K. Kinney & Co., Portsmouth, O. Hon. 

II. W. McKee, Pittsburg, Pa. S. H. 

II. T. Ilawley, Bridgeport. Conn. Hon. 

Kansas inimigratiou Co.. Topeka, Kas. .J. F. 

II. C. Wilson, Boston, Mass. .1. li. 

E. G. 



references: 

State Bank. Larned. Kansas. 

T. McCarthy. ex-Auditor of State. 

.1. W. Rush. exState Senator. 

Kuggles. Pr.2d Sat.Bk..Circleville.O. 

. Doddridge, Gen. Mgr. M. P. Ry. Co. 

•las. A. Troutman, Lieut. Gov. 

Kohn. Capitalist. 29 Drexel B g:, N.Y. 

John W. Aiton. Kini^'man. Kas. 

Whitney, County Clerk. 

Brown. Coun v Treasurer. 

Seeley. Regi^t"er of Deeds. 



H. T. TAYLOR, 

Larned, Pawnee Co., 
KANSAS. 



Special attention given to the tenting and 
collection ot rents for non-residents, and the 
sale of Real Estate. 



CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED 



NEW LARNED HOUSE. 

LARNED, KANSAS. 

MRS. R. BAUER, Propbietrcss. 
Good Sample Rooms. First-Class Table. 

RATES. $2.00 PER DAY. 

G. H. MIZE & CO., 

OEALCR IN 

Lumber, Lath, Shingles, Sash, Doors, Blinds, 

MOULDINGS, AND COAL. 

BUILDERS' MATERIAL OF ALL KINDS. 

LARNED, KAS. 



JOHN R. BASIQER, 

Bonded Abstracter of Titles for 
Pawnee County, Kas. 

REAL ESTATE AND 
LOAN AGENT. 



Abstracter's Bond of $5,000 given as required 
by law. 



CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 

LARNED, KANSAS. 



Krt Studio Of= CHHRL-ES STVYITH, Lhrned. Khs. 



(150) 



CONTRIBUTORS TO THE KANSAS SOUVENIR FUND. 



H. E. RIPPLE «&, CO., 

DEALERS IN 

Thoroughbred HORSES AND CATTLE, 

DODGE CITY, KAS. 
G. IVI. HOOVER, 

1r\ i^r^r\ acres o- land in 
\J,\J<J\J FORD COUNTY 

For sale on terms to suit the i)Urcli:\ser. 
DODGE CITY, KANSAS. 

GEORGE IN/SES, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 

Dry Goods and Carpetj, 

Lawrence, K&osas. 

CAPITAL. SlOO.OOO. SURPLUS, $20,000. 

fIDercbants IRational Ban??, 
Xawrence, Tkas. 

Cbe 6corge Cci$ Drug Company, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 

iQISTS AND 
JFACTURINQ CHEJ 

Cawrence, H^s. 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 

DRUaOISTS AND 
MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS. 



W. T. COOLIDGE, 

REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE AND RENTAL AGENT. 

MAKES ABSTRACTS OF TITLES, PAYS TAXES FOR NON-RESIDENTS, 
SELLS AND LEASES LANDS. 

DODGE CITY, - KANSAS. 



Ed. H- Madison, 

flttopncy at Iiaoi, 

DODGE CITY, KHS. 

HAUBER BROTHERS, 
BARREL MANUFACTURERS, 

LAWRENCE, KANSAS. 

A. D. WEAVER, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN 

DRY GOODS AND 
CARF-ETS, 

LAWRENCE, KAS. 

W. 5. T/\NNER, 

WHOLESALE DEALER IN 

St. Regis Indian Fancy Baskets, 



LAWRENCE, KAS. 

(VM) 



J. M KIRKPATRICK, 
County Attorney, Ford County, Kansas. 

Practices in all State Courts, and before U. S. Land 

(Jtfice. Real Estate and Abstract ottice 

connected. 

DODGE CITY, KANSAS. 

W. J. FITZGERALD, 

De&ier in C&ttle Ranches, Alf&lfa Bottom) 
&n<l lrri;&te<l I-&n<Is. 

LARGE PASTURES FOR SALE AND FOR RENT. 
DODGE CITY, KANSAS. 

Lock Box 692, Cripple Creek District. 

C. B, WEEKS, Attorney at Law, 

VICTOR, COLO. 

Will Incorporate Mining Properties, Look after Mining 
Properties for non-residents, Buy and Sell Stock, etc., etc. 

Zbc Hetna Xoan Compau?, 

OF TOPEKA. KAS. 

Capital Stock, §3,000.000. Strongest B. & L. Ass'n in 
the State. Annual dividend 20 per cent, during last four 
years. Write for information. BvRON Roberts, 

F. M. KiMRALL, Set:y. President. 

JAMES W. WINN, 

Bonded Abstracter and Real Estate Broker. 

Special attention given to caring for non- 
residents' lands. 

JETMORE, KANSAS. 



CONTRIBUTORS TO THE KANSAS SOUVENIR FUND. 



H. B. PATTERSON A. CO., 
Live-stock Commission Merchants. 

Feeders bought on order. Coiii?ig:nnient8 and corre- 
spondence Bolicited. Stock Exchange. 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 



The CQajestic fnfg. Co., 

St. Ltouis, Mo. 



Ringer Stove Company, 

St. Louis, Mo. 
BRIDGE &. BEACH MFG. CO , 

(Kstablishcd 1837. ) 

"Superior" Stoves and Ranges, 

ST. LOUIS. 
Beck & Corbitt Iron Co., 

Iron, Steel, Wagon and Carriage Woodwork 

AND TRIMMINGS, HEAVY HARDWARE, 
ST. LOUIS. 



Chas. Wolff Packing Co., 

PACKERS AND SHIPPERS OF 

FRESH AND CURED MEATS, 

TOPEKA, KAS. 

Ricksecker, Savage & Co., 

MINE OWNERS, OPERATORS, 

and Civil Engineers. 

VALUABLE MINING LAND TO LEASE OR SELL. 
GALENA. KAS. 




m. fl. C. Cbompson 

l^ardware Company, 

NOS. 517 AND 519 KANSAS AVENUE, 
TOPEKA, KANSAS. 

THE TOPEKA MILLING COMPANY, 

MANUTACTURERS OF BEST GRADES OF 

...FLOUR... 

RALSTON HEALTH FLOUR A SPECIALTY. 
TopeVca, Kansas. 

(Iii21 



S. M. WOOD &. CO., 

GENERAL, REAL ESTATE, LOAN, 

and Exchange Agents. 

Buy. Sell, or Eschanue \\'ild Lands. R.anchef*. Funne, 
City Property. Stock, or MerchandiBe. 

TOPEKA. KAS. 



J. K. m;yers, 

EXCLUSIVE DEALER 

Remington Standard Typewriter. 

MACHINES RENTED. 
Columbian Building, TOPEKA, KAS. 



HORACE M. PHILIPS. JNO T. CH«NEV 

Philips 8t Chaney, 
Real Estate and Investments, 

COLUMBIAN BUILDING. 

TOF-EKA., KANSAS. 



K 



EELEY INSTITUTE, 

Portsmouth BIdg.. Kansas City, Kas. 

The only place in either of the Kansas Cuys or 
in the State of Kansas where the genuine 
Keeley remedies and treatment for Alcohol and 
Narcotic addictions are administered. For par- 
ticulars, address as above. 



REAL KtSXATli. 

We h:ivo the largest and best lists of property in the 
State For iuveslraents of any kind, consult us before 
buying. Respectfully, 

J. S. COLLINS & CO., 



Reference : 

Any Bank in the City. 



IS SrXTH AVENUE WEST, 

TOPEKA, KAS. 



CONTRIBUTORS TO THE KANSAS SOUVENIR FUND. 



WM. BUCHANAN, 

Uaiufacturer asl Wholesale Dealer is 

VELLOV/ PINE LUiVIBER 

AND CYPRESS SHINGLES, 
Kansas City and St. Louis, Hissouri. 

CLARK A. BATES, 
WHOLESALE LUNIBER. 

Yellow Pine, White Pine and Oak Lumber, 
lied Cedar and Cypreee Shingles, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 

3Ba5ger Xumber Co. 

Largest and Most Complete Stock 

in the Southwest. 

Kansas Cit>-, Pvlo. 

THOS. TROWERS SONS. 

Live Stock Commission Mercliants, 

Kansas City Stock Yard^. Corre^i>ondeiiei' 
Solicited. 

GA^\PBELL, HUAJT 6- fiDfif^S, 

Live Stock Cominission Salesmen. 

Kansat^ City Stock Yards. Rooniif 1*32-3-4 Exchange 
Building. 



Lone Star Commission Co., 

LIVE 5TOCK <50/A'*AISSI0N. 

Kiins:i.-i City Stock Yards, and 
L'nion Stock Yards. Chicago. 
National Stock Yards, St. Louis. 

Drumm-Flato Commission Co., 

Live Stock Salesmen and Brokers. 

CAPITAL AND SURPLUS, $2S0,000. 

Kansas City Stock Yards. Union Stock Yard!', Chi- 
cago. National Stock Yards. St. Loui*?. 



JOiSE5 BROTHER5. 

Live stock Comniisslon Merchants, 

KanSAS CITY STOCK YARDS 

Kansas City Live Stock Com. Co., 

KANSAS CITY STOCK YARDS- 



Correspondence and Consignments Solicited. 

CHAS. DI.XON COMMISSION CO., 

Live Stock Salesmen and Brokers, 

Kansas City Stock Yards. 



Geopge I^. Barse 
Live Stock Commission Co. 

CAPITA , $250,000. 

KANSAS CITY STOCK YARDS. 

Rogers Commission Co., 

Live Stock Commission Mercliants, 

Kansas City Steele Yards. 

EVANS-SNIDER-BUEL CO., 

Live Stock Commission .Agents, 

Kansa-^ City Stock Yards, 

Union Stock Yard«, Chicago. 

Malional Stock Yards. St. Loui- 



Chicago Live Stock Commission Co., 

Chicago, St. Louis and Kansas City. 

Liljeral money assistance exlcnded relj.-itth- reeil.T,;. 



Chalfant, Burrough & Warwick 
Grain Co., 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 
Personal Attention Given to all Consignments. 



CONTRIBUTORS TO THE KANSAS SOUVENIR FUND. 



Sewall Paint and Glass Co., 

Manufacturers, Importers and Jobbers, 
KANSAS CITY, MO. 



JONES DRY GOODS CO., 

WHOCES*LE »N0 RETAIL DEALEflS IN 

Dry Good;, Notions, Etc. 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 

SMITH-MCCORD DRY GOODS CO., 

IMPORTCnS AND JOBBERS Of 

Dry Goods, Notions, and Furnishing Goods, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 

SWOFFORD BROTHERS 
DRY GOODS CO., 

Importers, Manufacturers and Jobbers, 

KANSAS CirV, MO. 

ByRNHAM, HANNA, MjNGER&CO., 

Injporters an<l Jobbers of 

DRY GOODS, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 



J, F. Schmelzer & Sons Arms Co. 



WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 



Guns. Bicycles and Supplies. Fishing Tackle. Tents, etc. 

Agents for Hazard Powder Co.. Aetna Powder Co., 

and Spaulding's Athletic Goods. 



KANSAS CITY, MO. 




PAINTS! 



Cutler A Neiison Paint and Color Co., 

KANSAS CITV, MO. 



O.K. HAY PRESS 




Write lor prices and our book. Story ol a Hay Press. 
Scott Hay Press Co. 728 W. 8 St Kansas City, Mo. 



blossom: house, 

( OPPOSITE UNION Dt-l'OT. I 

UNION DEPOT HOTEL, 

( DEPOT BUILDING. ) 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 



HOTEL SAVOY, 

9TH AND CENTRAL STS. 

Take 9th Street car at Union Depot direct to House. 

EWINS DEAN HOTEL CO., PROPHS, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 

( IM ) 



LONG-BELL LUMBER CO., 

MANUFACTURERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

Xumber. 

Capital, $500,000. KANSAS CITY, MO. 

Alexander Lun<iber Co., 



Rooms 506 and 507 Keith & Perr>' Building. 



KANSAS CITY, MO. 



C. J. CARTER liOMBER CO., 

jvianufaeturers and Wholesalers 

White Pine, Ye low Pine, Cypress. 
Red Ced^r Shingles. 

KANSAS CITY, mrssouRi. 



FOSTER LUMBER CO, 
Manufacturers of 

YELLOW PINE LUMBER. 

CAPITAL, $200,000. CAPACITY, DAILY. 125,000 FT. 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 

2). lb. ^Barnes Xumber Co., 
Wliolesale Lum'jer, 

COAL, AND RED CEDAR SHINGLES, 
KANSAS CITV, MO. 



CONTRIBUTORS TO THE KANSAS SOUVENIR FUND. 



Armour Packing Company, 

Kansas City, Mo. 

Emery, Bird, Thayer Dry Goods Go., 



SUCCESSORS TO 



Bullene, Moore, Emery & Co., 

KANSAS CITY. MO. 

Swift d Company, 
packers, 

KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI. 

WOODWARD, FAXON & CO., 

WHOLESALE DRUGGrSTS. 

OEALERS IN 

F*aints, Oils and Glass, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 

ROBERT KEITH 
.FURNITURE AND CARPET CO., 

Curtains and Upholstery, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 



C. A. MURDOCK MFG. CO., 

COFFEE, SPICES, Baking Powders, 

FLAVORING EXTRACTS. ETC., ETC., 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 

d. G. PEPPHRD, 

Exclusively Gpsss and Field 

SEEDS, 

KANSAS CITY, ivro. 

T. M. JAMES & SONS, 

IMPORTERS 

QUEENSWARE AND GLASSWARE, 

PCansas City, Ivlo. 

CAMPBELL, EATON CROCKERY CO., 

POTTERY. LAMPS, AND 
GLASSWARE, 

Kansas City, Ho. 

THE J. H. NORTH 
FURNITURE AND CARPET CO., 

jFurniturc, 

Carpets, Curtain Goods, Wall Paper, Queensware, 

Stoves, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 
(155) 



NATIONAL BROKERAGE CO., 

{WALTER LATIMER, MGR.) 
503 AND 504 NEW YORK LITE BLDG., 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 

Real Estate. Stocks and Bonds, Commercial Paper. 



1RiC)enour = 3Baker Grocerv? Co., 
THHbolesalc ©roccrs, 

KBNSAS CITY. MO. 

LONG BROTHERS, 

WR0I2ESALE <' SROeERS, 

COR. SANTA FE ST. AND ST. LOUIS AVE., 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 
IVlAOY'S 

Restaurant ao<I BaKcry, 

OPPOSITE UNION DEPOT, 

KAN5AS GITY, t\0. 

KANSAS 4. TEXAS COAL CO., 

MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 

COALS, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 



CONTRIBUTORS TO THE KANSAS SOUVENIR FUND. 



Please send a dollar to help care for the little 
ones at the 

EPWORTH CHILDREN'S HOME, 

RAVtNSWOOO. ILL. 

PARLIN & ORENDORFF CO., 

DEALERS IN 

Agricultural Implements, Wagons, Carriages, 

BUGGIES, ETC., 
KANSAS CITY, MO. 

San^wicb fiDfcj. Co., 
Dealers in Agricultural Implements, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 
BRADLEY. WHEELER & CO., 

JOBBERS OF 

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEIVIENTS, 

WAGONS, CARRIAGES, ETC., 
KANSAS CITY MO. 

BUFORD & GEORGE MFG. CO., 

WHOLESALE 

Vehicles, - Implements, - and ■ Farm - Wagons. 

Manufacturers of Harness, Saddles and Collars. 
Jobbers of Saddlers' Supplies. 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 



CAMPBELL GLASS AND PAINT CO., 
Polished Plate and Window Glass. 

Manufacturers of Art Glass. 
Dealers in Paints. Oils, Varnishes. Brushes. Western 
Depot for Heath & Milligan Paints. 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 

Kingman-Moore Implement Co., 

Manutacturers and Jobbers oi 

Tarm Machinery, Buggies. Wagons. 

Harness. Bicycles, Binder Twine, Rope, etc., 

Kansas City, Mo. 



Ikansas fIDoltnc lIMow Co., 

"Kansae Gitg, ^o. 



WHITMAN & BARNES MFG. CO., 

MANUFACTOREHS OF AND DEALERS IN 

Mower, Reaper and Binder Knives, 

Sickles, Sections, Saard:, aid Comp'.ete Cuttiig 

Apparatus, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 

U. S. Water and Steam Supply Co., 

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

PIPE. PUMPS. WINDMILLS, 
STEAM AND PLUMBING MATERIAL, 
Kansas City, Mo. 

( I. it; ) 



JOHN DEERE PLOW CO.. 



DEALERS IN 



JOHN DEERE MOLINE PLOWS, 

Carriages, Wagons, and Farm Machinery, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 

Prier Bros. Brass Mfg. Co., 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Brass Goods of Every Description, 

AND RAILROAD SUPPLIES, 
Kansas City, Mo. 



FAIRBANKS, MORSE &, CO., 

Railway and Waterworlts Supplies, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 

GILLE HARDWARE AND IRON CO., 

iMPonrcns and jobbers or 

Cutlery, Nails, Slielf and Heavy Hardware, 

Iron. Steel, and Wagon Woodwork, 
Kansas City, Mo. 



Stowe Implement Supply Co, 



AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, 
FARMERS', BLACKSMITHS', AND 
WAGONMAKERS' SUPPLIES, 

KANSAS CITY, MO.. 



CONTRIBUTORS TO THE KANSAS SOUVENIR FUND. 



Columbus Buggy Co., 

810, 812, 814 Walnut St., 

KANSAS CITY. MO. 

FULLER BROS.'TOLL 

LUMBER AND BOX COMPANY, 

Kansas City, Kansas. 

Western White Lime Co., 

W. B. HILL, Prks.. 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 
S. A. rvIETZNER, 

DEALER IN 

Stove Repairs of Every Description, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 



W. S. DICKEY CLAY MFG. CO., 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Sewer Pipe, Drain Tiie, Fire Bricit, Etc., Etc., 

GEN. OFFICES 715-719 WALNUT ST.. 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 



J. V, ANDREW?, PRES. 

E. S. W. DRAUGHT, V.-PRES. 



H. L. BROWNE, CA9MIEH. 

E. H. BROWNE, A39T. CASH. 



THE MERCHANTS BANK, 

KANSAS CITY, KAS. 

Capital, $40,000. Surplus, §10,000. 

CREAMERY PACKAGE MFG. CO. 

Contractors for Complete 
STEAH PLANTS, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 



Evans, Gallagher Drug Co., 

importers and Jobbers, 
Kansas Citv, rvlo. 



BARTON BROS., 

rtanufacturers and Jobbers of 
BOOTS AND SHOES, 

Kansas City, Mo. 

Wm. W. Kendall Boot and Shoe Co., 

MANurACTUHERS AND JOBBERS OF 

BOOTS, SHOES AND RUBBERS, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 

( 1,57 1 



3obn Zr. Sintms, 



attorncB at Xaw. 



KANSAS CITV. KAN. 



}\. n. Kellogg newspaper Cio., 

Kansas City, mo. 
H. B. HUNT, 

PLAIN. DECORATED AND LITHOGRAPHED 

= CANS^ 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 

THE DEVOL-LIVENQOOD 
MFG. COnPANY, 

MAKERS OF 

''Farmers'" and "Star" Hay Presses, 

Cor. 8th and Uullerr; Sts , Eaasas City. Ho. 

J. DUNCAN, 

REAL ESTATE AND LOANS, 

LOCAL AGENT UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD LANDS. 

SALINA, KANSAS. 



CONTRIBUTORS TO THE KANSAS SOUVENIR FUND. 



John S. Brittain Dry Goods Co., 

IMPORTERS, JOeBEftS AND M»HUFACTUnEfia 

Dry Goods, Notions, and Furnishing Goods, 

ST. JOSEPH, MO. 

Selling Agents Wood Manuf,icturing Company's 
Shirts. Pants and Overalls. 

R. L. Mcdonald &. co., 

MANUTACTURCRS OF 

TU^EIS'S FURNISHINGS. 

SALESROOMS : 

St. Joseph. Mo., and Chicago, Ml. 
JOHNSTON-FIFE HAT CO., 

JOBBERS OF 

Hats, Caps, Gloves, and Straw Goods, 

ST. JOSEPH, MO. 

REGNIER Sl SHOUP CROCKERY CO., 

IMPORTERS 

CHINA, GLASS AND LAMPS, 

ST. JOSEPH, MO. 

WYETH HARDWARE AND 
MANUFACTURING CO., 

Wholesale Hardware, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

TINWARE AND SADDLERY GOODS, 
ST. JOSEPH, MO. 



Englehart-Davison Mercantile Co., 

IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF 

/Iftillincrv?. IRotions, nni> Ifancs ©ooC>s, 

ST. JOSEPH, MO. 

Richards & Conover Maidware Co., 

Hardware, Cutlery, Iron, Steel, 

WAGON WOODWORK, NAILS, ETC., 
KANSAS CITY, MO. 



McCormick Harvesting Machine Co., 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 
DAVID B. KIRK & CO., 

WHOLESALE DEALER AND EXPORTER OF 

FLOUR, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 



tibc "E^uncan Xumbcr Co., 
IRansas Cit\i, /IDo. 

(1S8) 



Trumbull Seed ©ornpany» 

Kansas City, v^o. 

^= SEEDS — 



H. D. Lee. Pres. 

.1. F. Merrill. V.-Pn- 



Thos. H. Davis, ('aehier. 
\V. T. Welsh. AssLCush- 



The Farmers' National Bank, 

SALINA, KANSAS. 

Capital, MOO.OOO. Surplus aud Profits. ^ 69K. 

Deposits. *303.6o2. 



W. W. Watson, Pres, 
A. K. Claflln, V.-Pres, 



Fraak Eageman, CasUer. 
M. C. StevessoB, Asst. Caili. 



Tlie National Bank of /merica, 

SALINA, KANSAS. 

Capital, KO.OOO. 

Surplus and Profits, J3.03S. 
Deposits. $171 .3«g. 



. M. GUNNELl 



E. R. UOeES. 



GUNNELL & MOSES, 
Agents for Union Pacific Railroad Lands. 

Land, Loan, and Insurance Agency* 

LAND BOUGHT, SOLD, RENTED AND TRADED, AHO 
TAXES PAID FOR NON-RESIDENTS. 

Great Bend, ICanses. 



NAVE Sl MCCORD MERCANTILE CO., 

WHOLESALE 

GROCERS AND IMPORTERS. 
ST. JOSEPH, MO. 



^> 



\s 



CONTRIBUTORS TO THE KANSAS SOUVENIR FUND. 



B. C. Christopher & Co., 

GRAIN COMMISSION, 

ROOMS 316-317 BOARD OF IRADf, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 

CoHsignittenls Soticiitd. 

the nioffatt Commission Co., 

RECnvERS AND SHIPPIRS OF 

(Brain, 

Office. 3011-10-11 Iio:iid nf Tnidp. Kiinsiir! City. Mo. 

BLAKER & CORBIN GRAIN CO., 

324 EXCHANGE BUILDING. 

(Brain, jflai, See&s, 1bai\ lEtc. 

Liberal Advances un Consignments. 
KANSAS CITY, MO. 

DAVIDSON &. SMITH, 

RooniB 311, 312. 313 Exclian^e Buildinti:. 

Kansas City, Ho. 



WOOD, PRE5. 



W. A. RULC. CASH. 



national Bank of Commerce, 

Kansas eity, Itlo. 

Piiid-l'p Capital, Jl .00.1.000. 

Surplus, *300,000. 

Avtrnge Deposits, S,4500,000. 



Midland National Bank, 

KANSAS CITY. MO. 

Capital, SSOO.OOO. 

S, B. Armour, Prc«. I. E. Prindle. Cashier. 

W. H. Winants, V.-Pres. K.. (',. Leavens, Assl. Cash. 

A\i550uri /iatiopal B^nK* 

KAMSAS SITY, t\Q. 

Directors : 
Calvin Hood. Henry C. Kumpf. D. V. Rieger. 

Chas J. Lantry. D. ."V. McKibben. Seth Serat. 

F. H. Kump. 



FIRST NATI0NA12 BANK, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 

Capital Stock, $250,000. Surplus, §175,00?. 

Deposits, §3,110,269. 

'mnion IRational Banft, 

Ikaneas Citg, /nso. 

Capital, $600,000. Depository State of Missouri. 

iVletropolitan National Bank, 

KANSAS CITY, MO. 



Capital, $503,000, 



.Average Deposits, $2,750,000. 



YOUR PATRONAGE SOLICITED. 

(159) 



Arncricap Alaiiopal BahK* 



KANSAS CITY, N10. 

CAPITAL, $250,000. 



Deposits May 4, 1894. - 
" .May 7, lyo^. - 

Increase, 



$324,807.08. 
Si. 014, 529. 99 



The Apmoupdale Bank, 

Kansas City, Kansas. 



RICHARDS0N-R0 9ERTS-BYRNE 
DRY GOODS COMPANY, 

IMPORTERS, JoeeSRS. MANUFACTURERS 

Dry Goods, Notions, and Furnishing Goods,. 

ST JOSEPH, MO. 



TOOTLE, WHEELER & HOTTER, 

MANUFACTURERS AND JOeSEBS 

Dry Goods, Notions, Men's Furnishing Goods, 

CARPETS. BOOTS AND SHOES, 

St. Joseph. Mo. 

Kemper, Hundley St IWeDonold 
Dry Goods Co., 

Importers, Jobbers and flanufacturers, 
ST. JOSCFH, MO. 



CONTENTS. 



Preface W. C. Edwards 3 

Kansas Hon. John J. In^alls 5 

Resources of Kansas Gov. E. N. Morrill 8 

The Judicial System of Kansas Chief Justice David Martin 13 

The School System of Kansas Hon. E. Stanlej' 14 

The Kansas State Normal School President A. R. Taylor 16 

The Kausas State Agricultural Col- 
lege President George T. Fairehild... 18 

The University of Kansas Chancellor F. H. Snow 21 

Kansas — Agriculturally Hon. F. D. Coburn 26 

Horticulture in Kansas Hon. Edwin Taylor 30 

The Sunny Plains of Kansas (poem)..Mrs. Lilla Day Monroe 31 

Kansas Railroads Hon. Samuel T. Howe 32 

The Press of Kansas Hon. J. K. Hudson 36 

State Charitable, Correctional and 

Penal Institutions Hon. C. E.Faulkner 38 

Profitable Agriculture in Kansas Hon. Thos. M. Potter 43 

The Cattle Industry of Kansas Hon. Geo. W. Glick 46 

Kansas Climate Hon. T. A. McNeal 49 

Kansas Banks Hon. J. W. Breidenthal ,51 

Kansas Grain and Mills Hon. C. B. Hotfnian .53 

Quivera — Kansas, 1543-1893 Hon. Eugene F. Ware 55 

The Churches of Kansas Rev. A. S. Embree, D. D 57 

The College of the Sisters of Beth- 
any, and St. John's Military 

School Rt.Rey. Bishop F.R.Millspaugh, .59 

The Denominational Colleges of 

Kansas Rev. Granville Louther, D. D... 63 



Kansas Homes anil Kansas Home- 

Makers Mrs. Isabel Worrell-Ball 66 

Why People Should Come to' Kansas.. Rev. Carl A. Swenson, Ph. D... 69 

Irrigation in Kansas Hon. E. R. Moses 71 

Results of Irrigation Hon. D. M. Frost 75 

Horticulture in Kansas Hon. Henry Booth 79 

The Kansas Traveling Man Hon. Joseph G. Waters 81 

Kafir Corn Capt. W. H. Hornaday 84 

Alfalfa and Stock Industry Hon. Martin Mohler 86 

Live Stock in Kansas Hon. J. W. Moore 9(; 

Well-Bred Hogs are Diamonds in 

the Rough Hon. T. A. Hubbard 93 

The Kansas Horse Judge S. W. Vandivert 94 

The Fuel of Kansas Prof. E. Haworth 96 

Kansas Lead and Zinc Mining In- 
terests Hon. W. F. Sapp 99 

Healthfulness of Kansas C. F. Menninger, M. D 102 

Kafir-Corn Hon. Scott E. Winne 104 

Alfalfa and Cattle-Raising in West- 
ern Kansas Hon. J. H.Churchill I117 

The Kansas Salt Industry Hon. Frank Vincent 109 

Fraternal Life Insurance Orders in 

Kansas Hon. William Higgius 113 

Farming by Machinery in Kansas ...Hon. D. W. Blaine 115 

Kansas City Hon. E. M. Clendening 117 

Otticial Roster (State and Judicial) 119-135 



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